Millipore milli q purification system

Analytical standard PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid), isotopically labeled analog used as an internal standard (⁸C-PFOA), and metabolites, Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Solvents used for the preparation of the mobile phase and extractions from water samples include methanol-Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), acetic acid, formic acid, and ammonium acetate Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). High-purity water was procured using the Millipore Milli-Q purification system acquired from Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Standards of L-tyrosine (Tyr), levodopa (L-DOPA), dopamine hydrochloride (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanilic acid (HVA), L-tryptophan (Trp), and serotonin hydrochloride (5-HT) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (TRC, Toronto, ON, Canada), 3-methoxytyramine hydrochloride (3-MT) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and norepinephrine (NE) was provided by Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA). Stock solutions of all the neurotransmitters were prepared at 1 µg µL⁻¹ in ultra-pure water, MeOH, or DMSO. In addition, labeled standards L-tryptophan-1-13C, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid-d5, L-DOPA-2,5,6-d3, and L-Tyrosine-13C9,15N were all supplied by Toronto Research Chemicals (TRC, Toronto, ON, Canada). A mix solution of all labeled standards (internal standard mixture, ISM) was prepared in extractant solvent (1 ng µL⁻¹). These standards were kept in amber vials at −20 °C to prevent degradation. Acetonitrile (ACN) of HPLC LC-MS grade was purchased from VWR Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium) and ultra-pure water was obtained through Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Formic acid (FA) was supplied by Fischer Scientific (Loughborough, UK) and ammonium formate by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Acetonitrile and methanol (all HPLC grade) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Glacial acetic acid was purchased from Carlo Erba (Cornaredo, Milan, Italy). HPLC-grade water (18.2 MΩ) was prepared using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). Chlorogenic acid, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside), rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), capsaicin and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Reference standards of peimine (Must-17021101) and peiminine (Must-17050511) were purchased from Chengdu Must Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The internal standard (IS), theophylline was purchased from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (100121-199903, Beijing, China). Both acetonitrile and methanol of HPLC grade were purchased from Concord Technology Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Acetic acid of HPLC grade was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China). Ethyl acetate of analytical grade was purchased from Guangzhou Fan Hong Trade Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Ultrapure water was prepared using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Molsheim, France). Drug-free dog plasma and QC samples were prepared from six different dogs and stored at −20 °C until use.
Two herbs, the dried bulbus of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, were purchased from Anguo (Hebei, China), one of the largest Chinese herbal medicine distribution centers in the world, in September, 2016, and identified by Professor Lianjie Su of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine.

PGZ was obtained from Capot Chemical (Hangzhou, China). Capryol 90 (propylene glycol monocaprylate), Labrasol (caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glycerides), and Transcutol-P (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) were provided by Gattefossé (Saint-Priest, France). Pluronic F127 (Poloxamer 407) was obtained from Fragon (Barcelona, Spain). Oxazolone was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Components for histological analysis were purchased from Sigma and Thermo Fisher Scientific (Barcelona, Spain). Ultrapure water was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Corporation; Burlington, MA). All reagents were of analytical grade.

The DPZ was purchased from Capot Chemical (Hangzhou, China). Plurol oleique CC 497 (polyglyceryl-3 dioleate), Labrafil M1944 CS (oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides), Labrafac lipophile WL 1349 (medium chain triglycerides), Capryol 90 (propylene glycol monocaprylate), Lauroglycol 90 (propylene glycol monolaurate), Labrasol (caprylocaproyl polyoxyl-8 glycerides), and Transcutol-P (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) were all supplied by Gattefossé (Saint-Priest, France). Macrogolglycerol ricinoleate (Cremophor EL) was obtained from Fagron Ibérica (Barcelona, Spain). Tween 80, castor oil, polyethylene glycol, and propylene glycol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Mucin from porcine stomach was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Components for histological assays were acquired from Sigma and Thermo Fisher Scientific (Barcelona, Spain). Chemicals for analytical experiments were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain) and the water used was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Corporation, Burlington, MA, USA).

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (Resomer^® RG 503 H, Mw 24–38 kDa, 50:50), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the Spectra/Por^TM dialysis bag, and Amicon Ultra-4 Centrifugal Filters Unit with Ultracel were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Meso-tetraphenylchlorin disulfonate (TPCS_2a, 2-MEA) was kindly provided by PCI Biotech AS (Oslo, Norway). Acetonitrile (MeCN), methanol (MeOH), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Exacta Optech (Modena, Italy). Milli-Q water was produced by the Millipore Milli-Q^® purification system from Merck Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA). Cell culture medium (DMEM, DMEM/F12), grow factors, trypsin, antibiotics, horse serum, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Life Technologies (Milan, Italy). CellTiter96 Aqueous One Solution Cell proliferation Assay (MTS) and CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay were from Promega Co. (Madison, WI, USA). Cell culture plastic material was from Falcon (Corning, New York, NY, USA).