The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO): titanium(iv ) n-butoxide, dopamine hydrochloride (>98%), alizarin (>97%), ascorbic acid (>98%), salicylic acid (SA) (>99%), DHB, phospholipid mixture (1 mg mL–1, HPLC grade), cholesterol (>99%), N-hexanoyl-d -sphingosine (>98%), galactocerebrosides mixture (1 mg mL–1, HPLC grade), linolenic acid (purity ≥ 99%), linoleic acid (purity ≥ 99%), erucic acid (purity ≥ 99%), elaidic acid (purity ≥ 99%), and palmitoleic acid (purity ≥ 98.5%). Concentrated nitric acid and phosphoric acid (analytical grade), acetonitrile, ethanol, and water (liquid chromatography (LC)/MS grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA).
Elaidic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Elaidic acid is a saturated trans-fatty acid used in certain laboratory equipment and applications. It has a molecular formula of C18H34O2 and a melting point of 43-44°C. Elaidic acid is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lipopolysaccharides (lps), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trans vaccenic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Alizarin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Palmitoleic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Erucic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Linolenic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Salicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium iv n butoxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fenbendazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Corilagin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Enalapril maleate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cangrelor, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetramethylethylenediamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
9 protocols using elaidic acid
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Lipid-based Nanocomposites
2
SARS-CoV-2 Protein Reconstitution
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Compounds Corilagin, Enalapril Maleate, Cangrelor, Elaidic Acid and Fenbendazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Compounds were reconstituted in water according to provider's instructions, except for Fenbendazole and Elaidic Acid which were reconstituted in 100% DMSO. DMSO never exceeded 1% in final dilutions for our assay and data for Fenbendazole and Elaidic Acid experiments were normalised to a DMSO vehicle control. Where possible, new stock solutions were made for each repeat. Recombinant RBD and full-length Spike (S1-S2) protein were purchased from SinoBiological (Beijing, China) and reconstituted in water according to provider's instructions.
3
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds
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Cells at a concentration of 5 × 105 cells/mL in 100 μL of medium were seeded in a 96-well plate and treated with AGS (12.5, 25 and 50 μg/mL), chlorogenic acid, linoleic acid, and elaidic acid (3.13, 6.25, 12.5 μM) and LPS (1 μg/mL) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 18 h. The cytotoxicity of AGS on RAW264.7 cells was determined using EZ-Cytox according to the technical manual. Cell morphology was observed using a microscope at 40×.
4
Lipid Metabolism Profiling Protocol
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Cis-vaccenic acid (> 97 % purity) and Conjugated linOleic acid (> 96 % purity) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals. 13C6Arginine and 13C615N4Arginine (both 99 % purity) were from Cambridge isotope laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). Elaidic acid, Oleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid , L-Lysine and Arginine (all 99 % purity), Anhydrous dimethyl formamid (99.5 % purity), iodoacetamide, tetra-methyl-ethylene-diamine, L-Glutamine, Human serum albumin and RPMI-1640 without Arginine, Lysine and Leucine were purchased from Sigma. Regular SynQ serum substitute and SynQ without Arginine and Lysine was from Cell Culture Service, Hamburg Germany. All reagents for DIGE were PlusOne quality from GE Healthcare. Also CyDye DIGE fluors, IPG running buffers and PD10 columns were purchased from GE Healthcare. Penicillin, Streptomycin, regular RPMI-1640 and CyQuant NF proliferation assay kit were from Invitrogen.
5
Elaidic Acid Regulates Lipid Metabolism
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RAW 264.7 cells were attained from Pasteur Institute of Iran; Cell culture reagents including RPMI, HEPES, bovine serum albumin (BSA), penicillin and streptomycin media supplement, DMSO, elaidic acid (EA) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma, Deisenhofen, Germany) and Gibco (Life Technologies GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). SYBR Green Real-Time PCR Master Mix, Kits and reagents for RNA extraction (RNeasy plus Mini Kit), reverse transcription and primers (ABCA1, PPAR-γ, β-Actin) were purchased from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany).
6
Fatty Acid Stimulation of Macrophages
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Palmitic acid (Cat. No. P0500, Sigma, Sigma chemicals, St Louis, MO, USA), Oleic acid (Cat. No. O1008, Sigma, Sigma chemicals), Elaidic acid (Cat. No. E4637, Sigma, Sigma chemicals), LPS (Cat. No. L8274, Sigma, Sigma chemicals), CLI095 (intracellular TLR4 antagonist; Cat. No. tlrl-cli95, InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA), fatty acid free (FAF) BSA, FAF-BSA; Cat. No. 10775835001, Roche, Mannheim, Germany) and BSA (Cat. No. A7888 Sigma, Sigma chemicals).
7
Fatty Acid Adduct Formation Analysis
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Oleic acid (9Z), elaidic acid (9E), cis-vaccenic acid (11Z) and trans-vaccenic acid (11E), trimethylammonium chloride, dimethylammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, pyridinium chloride, water, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Aqueous stock solutions (100 mM) of each salt were prepared. FAs were dissolved in methanol or acetonitrile (1 mm ). Sodium and ammonium adducts were generated from 100 μm fatty acid solution in methanol containing 10 mm ammonium acetate. Trimethylammonium, dimethylammonium, and pyridinium adducts were generated from 500 μm solutions of FAs in acetonitrile containing 1 mm of the respective chloride salt.
8
Elaidic Acid Effects on SH-SY5Y Cells
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The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line was obtained from Peking Union Medical Center Laboratory (Beijing, China). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone; GE Healthcare Life Science, Logan, UT, USA) at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Elaidic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and was dissolved in DMEM to a concentration of 1 M, finally the stock solution was diluted with DMEM to a concentration of 1,000 µM and stored at −80°C until further use. All experiments were conducted under treatment with various doses (10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 µM) of Elaidic acid or vehicle (DMEM) for 24 h.
9
Self-Assembly of Surfactant Structures
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The chemicals used for MGYP media were purchased from Sigma -Aldrich. This comprises of Maltose, Glucose, Yeast (non -pathogenic) and Peptone. The water used for the whole experiments are purified by Milli Q system with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm. Elaidic acid, NaOH pellets were also purchased from Sigma -Aldrich and used as received without any further purification. All solvents used for the entire experiments are analytical grade (AR). HCl was procured from Merck. Each time, a fresh solution of 0.1 M HCl and 5 M were used throughout the experiments.
Preparation of self -assembled structures. The self -assembled structures was prepared by pH variation method. It involves the following steps. Step 1:1 mL of Milli Q water was taken in a clean glass sample vial; step 2: weighed amount of SL (5 mg) powder was added to 1 mL of water (0.5 wt%); step 3: the pH of the solution was increased to basic (pH ~11) by adding 10 -20 µL of a 5 M NaOH solution and adjusted (decreased) to the desired value by adding µL amounts of freshly prepared 0.1 M HCl.
Preparation of self -assembled structures. The self -assembled structures was prepared by pH variation method. It involves the following steps. Step 1:1 mL of Milli Q water was taken in a clean glass sample vial; step 2: weighed amount of SL (5 mg) powder was added to 1 mL of water (0.5 wt%); step 3: the pH of the solution was increased to basic (pH ~11) by adding 10 -20 µL of a 5 M NaOH solution and adjusted (decreased) to the desired value by adding µL amounts of freshly prepared 0.1 M HCl.
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