Ginsenoside ro

We obtained the nine batches of TSMT samples (S1-S9, No. 210401 ~ 210409) from Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Jiangsu, China). These were prepared from eight herbal pieces, i.e., Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (DG, danggui), Lonicera japonica Thunb. (JYH, jinyinhua), Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. (DS, dangshen), Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb (XS, xuanshen), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (HQ, huangqi), Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (NX, niuxi), Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (SH, shihu), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GC, gancao) which were also checked with http://www.theplantlist.org on February 14, 2022. Next, we purchased 17 reference standards (RS) from Chengdu MUST Bio-Technology Co, Ltd (Chengdu, China), which included Astragaloside IV, Calycosin-7-glucoside, Atractylenolide II, Atractylenolide III, Ferulic acid, Senkyunolide I, Cynaroside, Chlorogenic acid, Luteolin, Harpagoside, Harpgide, Acteoside, β-Ecdysone, Ginsenoside Ro, Glycyrrhizic acid, Liquiritin, and Gallic acid. The purity of all the reference standards was over 98%. Mobile phases including the HPLC-grade acetonitrile, phosphoric acid, and formic acid were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo scientific, USA).

Ginsenoside Ro (98%), oleanolic acid (99%), Stigmasterol (95%), palmatine hydrochloride (98%), betherine (98%), epiberberine (98%), coptisine (98%), astragalin (98%), isoquercitrin (98%), baicalin (98%), wogonin (98%), chrysophanol (98%), physcion (98%) and Geniposide (98%) were sourced from the Chengdu Must Bio-technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China). Betaine (98%), nonanedioic acid (99.5%), succinic acid (90%), allantoin (98.5%), rutin (95%), β-sitosterol (95%) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (99%) were sourced from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). β-ecdysterone was sourced from J&K Scientific Ltd (Beijing, China).