Sephadex g 200

FBT was purchased from Shaanxi Jingwei Fuzhuan Brick Tea Co., Ltd. (Shaanxi Jingwei Fuzhuan Brick Tea Co., Ltd., Xianyang, China). DEAE-cellulose DEAE-52 (3 cm × 12 cm, 0.45 μm), cellulase, papain, α-glucosidase (≥700,000 U/mL), acarbos (95%), PNPD, α-amylase (50 U/mg), Sephadex G-200 (Φ20 × 600 mm), and microporous membranes were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). DMEM high-glucose medium, penicillin–streptomycin, and trypsin-EDTA were obtained from Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Oil Red O staining solution and blue cell viability dye were obtained from Suolaibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Suolaibao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). Anti-β-actin, anti-SREBP-lc, anti-FAS, anti-AMPK, and anti-P-AMPK were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Cell Signaling Technology, Boston, MA, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade and were obtained from Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China).

Standard mixtures of fatty acid methyl ester were purchased from Nu-Chek Prep (Inc., Elysian, MN, USA). All sugars (fructose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China). Murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells were obtained from Jinan University (Guangzhou, China). Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Co. (Mo, U.S.A.). Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin–streptomycin were purchased from Gibco Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY.). Nitric oxide (NO) kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Mouse TNF-α, and IL-6 ELISA kits were purchased from NeoBioscience Biotechnology Co. Ltd. DEAE-Cellulose 52 and Sephadex G-200 were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co. Ltd. The other chemicals used in this research were of analytical grade.

The Solanum muricatum was purchased from a local supermarket in Wuwei City, Gansu Province of China. The Solanum muricatum was washed in flowing tap water to remove impurities. The washed Solanum muricatum was cut into thin slices and then dried in an electro-thermostatic blast oven (DHG-9053A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Shanghai, China) at 50 °C. The dried Solanum muricatum was then crushed and sieved through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain Solanum muricatum powder.
DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). Standard monosaccharides (rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was obtained from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Thermofisher Scientific Inc. (Millersburg, PA, USA). CCK-8 was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co. (Dalian, China). ELISA kits for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were all purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). All other reagents used were of analytical grade unless otherwise specified.