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47 protocols using anti nlrp3

1

Aortic Endothelial Markers in Mice

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Thoracic aortas were separated from mice and fixed overnight in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative. The fixed aortas were stained with anti-CD31 (1:100, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-ZO-2 (1:200,Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton CA, USA ), anti-OCLN (1:200, Boster Biological Technology, Pleasanton CA, USA), anti-eNOS (1:800, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-p-eNOS (1:100, AdipoGen, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-Cathepsin B (1:100, AdipoGen, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-NLRP3 (1:100, AdipoGen, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-Cleaved Caspase-1 (1:100, AdipoGen, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-Cleaved IL-1β (1:100, AdipoGen, San Diego, CA, USA). Green light (Excitation Wavelength, EX): 488 nm; Red light (EX): 594 nm, Blue light (EX): 340 nm.
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2

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Assay

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LPS (L4391 for cell culture, L3012 for mice), ATP, MCC950, tamoxifen, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-F4/80 antibody (Cat# ab6640, RRID:AB_1140040) was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom). Cy3- (Cat# 712-165-050, RRID:AB_2340666) and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated (Cat# 712-545-150, RRID:AB_2340683) anti-rat IgG antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, USA). FITC-dextran (46944) and TRITC-dextran (T1037) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (Cat# CYT-203) was purchased from ProSpec (Rehovot, Israel). Anti-mouse caspase-1 (Cat# AG-20B-0042, RRID:AB_2490248) and anti-NLRP3 (Cat# AG-20B-0014, RRID:AB_2490202) antibodies were obtained from AdipoGen Life Sciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-mouse IL-1β antibody (Cat# AF-401-NA, RRID:AB_416684) was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), and anti-ASC antibody (Cat# SC-22514-R, RRID:AB_2174874) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-GFP antibody (Cat# NB600-308, RRID:AB _10003058) was obtained from NOVUS Biologicals.
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3

Kidney Nlrp3 Inflammasome Protein Analysis

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The kidney tissues were homogenized and the supernatant was collected after centrifugation at 12,000 ×g at 4°C for 20 min [23 (link)]. We separated the lysates on 10% polyacrylamide gels before immunoblotting using anti-Nlrp3 (AdipoGen company, San Diego, CA), anti-ASC (AdipoGen company, San Diego, CA), anti-CHOP (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-caspase-12 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-IL-1β (Affinity Biosciences, USA), and anti-IL-18 (Affinity Biosciences, USA) antibodies at a dilution of 1 : 500. The expression levels of CHOP, caspase-12, ASC, Nlrp3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were analyzed using an ECL advance system (Amersham, Little Chalfont, UK). The relative protein expression levels were determined by normalization to β-actin. Serum IL-1β and IL-18 were measured with ELISA kits (RayBiotech, Norcross, GA) according to the manufacturer's instruction.
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4

Immunoblotting for Protein Detection

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Immunoblotting was performed as previously described.19, 20 Primary antibodies used in this study include the following: anti–α‐tubulin (Yeasen), anti‐FLAG (Sigma), anti‐NLRP3 (AdipoGen), anti‐ASC (AdipoGen), anti–caspase‐1 (AdipoGen), anti–IL‐1β (R&D Systems), anti‐HA (BioLegend), anti‐ubiquitin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti‐GAPDH (Yeasen).
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5

Inflammatory Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Ficoll-Paque was purchased from GE Healthcare (Little Halfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). Ultrapure LPS was purchased from InvivoGen (California, USA). Anti-IL-1β, anti-p65, anti-phospho-p65, anti-p38, anti-phospho-p38, anti-ERK, anti-phospho-ERK, anti-JNK, anti-phospho-JNK, anti-c-Jun, anti-phospho-c-Jun, anti-phospho-c-Fos and anti-c-Fos were all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-G6PD was purchased from Genesis Biotech (Taiwan). ATP, nigericin, PMA, hydrogen peroxide, DPI, NADPH, and anti-β-Actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anti-NLRP3 was purchased from AdipoGen Life Sciences (San Diego, CA, USA), and anti-ASC was purchased from Medical & Biological Laboratories (Japan). The anti-caspase-1, anti-pro-IL-1β, anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Anti-α-tubulin was purchased from Merck Millipore (Burlington, USA). Anti-lamin B1 was purchased from Proteintech (Illinois, USA). Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (ECL) were purchased from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA).
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6

Lung Tissue Protein Analysis

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Lung tissue was lysed in Pierce™ IP Lysis Buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific). The lysates were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was collected and the protein concentration in the supernatant was determined by BCA Protein Assay Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories). For the immunoblot, 40 µg of the total protein was resolved in SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The membrane was blocked with 5% non-fat milk in PBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 for 30 min at room temperature. The membrane was incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C followed by incubation with secondary antibodies. The membrane was then developed using ECL Western Blot Substrate (ThermoFisher Scientific). The following primary antibodies were used: anti-NLRP3 (1:1000, AG-20B-0014-C100), anti-Caspase-1(p20) (1:1000, AG-20B-0042-C100), anti-Asc (1:500, AG-25B-0006-C100) from Adipogen Life Sciences, Anti-p65 (8242, 1:1000), anti-P-p65-Ser536 (3033, 1:500) from Cell Signaling Technology Inc., and anti-β-actin (1:5000, A5441, Sigma-Aldrich). For the immunoblot analysis of BALF samples, equal volumes of BALF from all groups were loaded. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-Histone H2B (1:500, ab52484, Abcam), anti-CitH3 (1:500, ab5103, Abcam),
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7

Antibody Profiling of Inflammatory Markers

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The primary antibodies included anti-NLRP3 (1:1,000; Adipo-Gen, San Diego, CA), anti–caspase-1 p20 (1:1,000; Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-MPO (1:1,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), anti-VDAC (1:1,000; Millipore), and anti-CypD (1:1,000; Millipore). For more details see Supplementary Text.
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8

Inflammasome Activation Pathway Analysis

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MSU, Nigericin, ATP, PMA (phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate), poly A:T, insulin, and glucose were purchased from Sigma. TR and MCC950 were obtained from Selleck. The ultrapure LPS and Pam3CSK4 (tripalmitoylcysteinylseryltetralysinelipopeptide) were from Invivogen. Imject‐Alum was from Pierce Biochemicals. MitoTracker and MitoSOX were from Invitrogen. Protein G agarose was from Millipore. Anti‐β‐actin (1:5,000, P30002) and Anti‐DYKDDDDK‐Tag mAb were from Abmart. Anti‐human pro‐IL‐1β (1:1,000, 60136‐1‐Ig), anti‐TRPV2 (1:1,000, 15991‐1‐AP), and anti‐HPGDS (1:1,000, 22522‐1‐AP) were from Proteintech. Anti‐mouse IL‐1β (1:1,000, AF‐401‐NA) was from R&D Systems. Anti‐mouse caspase‐1 (p20) (1:1,000, AG‐20B‐0042) and anti‐NLRP3 (1:1,000, AG‐20B‐0014) were from Adipogen. Anti‐human caspase‐1(1:1,000, 2225) was from Cell Signaling. Anti‐ASC (1:500, sc‐22514‐R) and anti‐NEK7 (1:500, SC‐50756) were from Santa Cruz. Anti‐human cleaved IL‐1β (1:1,000, A5208206) was from Sangon Biotech. Anti‐Flag (1:2,000, F2555) or anti‐VSV (1:2,000, V4888) was from Sigma. Recombinant human NLRP3 was from Novus Biologicals. Salmonella is a gift from R.V. Bruggen.
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9

Molecular Mechanisms of Erythropoietin Signaling

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Recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) was purchased from Sunshine Pharmaceutical (Shenyang, China). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS from Escherichia coli 055:B5) was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). EPO mimetic peptide 9 (EMP9, an EPOR antagonist) was synthesized by Fenghui Biotechnology (Changsha, China). Fedratinib (a JAK2 inhibitor), NSC 74859 (a STAT3 inhibitor), and BAY 11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor) were from MedChemExpress (Deer Park Dr, NJ, United States). The interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18), myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and anti-IL-1β antibody (catalog no. AF-401-NA) were from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies against phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536, catalog no. 3033S), NF-κB p65 (catalog no. 8242S), phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705, catalog no. 9145S), STAT3 (catalog no. 9139S), phospho-JAK2 (Tyr1007/1008), and JAK2 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, United States). Anti-Caspase-1 (catalog no. AG-20B-0042-C100), anti-NLRP3 (catalog no. AG-20B-0006-C100), and anti-ASC antibodies (catalog no. AG-25B-0006-C100) were from AdipoGen (San Diego, CA, United States).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Neuroinflammatory Markers in Scrapie-Infected Brains

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The surgically removed brains of normal and scrapie infected rodents were xed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 4°C for 16 h, and then moved to an embedding box and rinsed under running tap water for 3 h. The xed brain tissues were serially dehydrated and soaked in xylene for 1.5 h. The soaked tissue was embedded, and the tissue slices were prepared according to the routine neuropathological protocol.
Western blots 10% of brain homogenates were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE and electronically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes with a Semi-dry facility. After blocking with 5 % nonfat-dried milk in TBS at 37°C for 1 h, the membranes were incubated at 4°C overnight with speci c monoclonal or polyclone antibody, including anti-NLRP3 (1:000 dilution, AG-20B-0014-C100, AdipoGen, Switzerland), anti-ASC (1:500 dilution, Santa Cruz, USA) and anti-Caspase1 (1:500 dilution, 06-503-I, Millipore, USA). After washing with TBST (containing 0.1 % Tween-20, pH7.6) for 4 times, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibody (1:5000 dilution, 115-035-003/111-035-003, Jackson, USA). Immunoreactive signals were developed using an enhanced ECL kit (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Images were captured by ChemiDocTM XRSC Imager (Bio-Rad, USA).
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