Anti cd4 pe

Concanavalin A, actinomycin D and XTT (2,3-Bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; mouse or human TNF-α was from PeproTech; α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer; KRN7000) was from Enzo Life Science; R788 was from Cayman Chemical.
Antibodies to IκBα, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38 (T180Y182), p-MKK3/6, p-MKK4, SYK, PLCγ1, Vav-1, SLP-76, PKCθ, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 9 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; anti-p-p38 (Y323) was from ThermoFisher Scientific; anti-GAPDH Ab was from Chemicon; Abs to mouse CD3, CD28, and Zap70 were from Biolegend; anti-CD3-FITC, anti-CD4-PE, anti-NK 1.1-PE, and anti-CD69-PerCP Abs, and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit were from eBioscience; anti-Gadd45α Ab was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Lymph node and spleen cells from mice were harvested after treatments. Cells were isolated and stained using surface markers (anti-CD4-PE, eBioscience) and then an intracellular marker (anti-Foxp3-APC, eBioscience) using intracellular fixation/permeabilization kit (eBioscience, San Diego, CA). And CD4+Foxp3 Tregs were analyzed using a FACSCalibur (BD, Biosciences).

C57BL/6 (WT) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME).
Cd244^-/- mice on the C57BL/6 background [12 (link)], were kindly provided by Dr. Raymond Welsh (University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA). Mice were maintained in the Translational Biomedical Research Center of the Medical College of Wisconsin and both genders were used for experiments in an age (6–12 week) and gender-matched manner. anti-CD45R-PE-Texas Red, anti-CD45R-PE, anti-GL7-FITC and anti-CD5-APC were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). CD21-eFluor 450, anti-CD23-PE-Cy7, anti-CD93-biotin, anti-CD4-APC-eFluor 780, anti-CD8-PE-Cy7, anti-TCRβ-FITC, anti-TCRβ-PE, anti-CD11b-Alexa Fluor 488, anti-CD244, anti-Foxp3-PE, anti-CD19-Alexa 700, anti-CD4-PE, anti-IgG-FITC and Streptavidin PE-Cy5.5 were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA). Anti-CD11b-Brilliant Violet 605, anti-CD11c-PE, anti-NK1.1-APC, anti-IgM-APC Cy7, anti-IgD-Pacific Blue, anti-CD38-Alexa Fluor 647, anti-CD138-APC and rat anti-mouse IgG_2a-biotin were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA). Anti-IgM-FITC and the SBA Clonotyping System-B6/C57J-HRP were purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham, AL). 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP)-ficoll, NP-Chicken Gamma Globulin (CGG), NP(24)-PE and NP-BSA were purchased from Biosearch Technologies (Novato, CA).

Cell surface markers were stained with these specific antibodies: anti-CD19-PE, anti-CD3-APC, anti-CD4-PE, anti-CD8-FITC, 7-AAD, and anti-annexin-V-FITC (eBioscience); anti-CD19-APC, anti-B220-Per-cy5.5, anti-IgM-FITC, anti-AA4.1-PE, anti-CD23-eFluor647, and anti-CD8-APC (Biolegend).
For ex vivo analysis, cells were stimulated with 25 ng/mL PMA (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1 g/mL ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) in the presence of 0.66 μL/mL Golgistop (BD PharMingen) for 6 h at 37 °C, 5 % CO₂. Intracellular staining of IFN-γ and IL-4 was performed using Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience). Data was collected by FACS Calibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed by FlowJo software (TreeStar, Ashland, OR).
For cell quantization, blood sample (100 μL) was stained with the specific antibodies: anti-CD19-FITC, anti-CD3-APC, anti-CD4-FITC, anti-CD8-FITC, anti-CD11c-APC, anti-F4⁄80-FITC, and anti-CD11b-APC. Erythrocytes were then lysed with Cal-lyse Lysing Solution (Invitrogen). After thoroughly mixing with 100 μL of Caltag Counting Beads (Invitrogen), 10,000 beads were acquired in the FACS Calibur flow cytometer for each sample.

Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of immunized chickens using commercial kits (Solarbio, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, the lymphocytes were seeded and cultured in a culture medium with 20 μL of ConA. The plates were cultured in an incubator with 5% CO₂ for 44 h. The proliferation ratio was determined by the CCK-8 Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (Solarbio, Beijing, China). The cells were treated with 10 μL of CCK-8 solution and incubated at 37 °C for 4 h. The absorbance was measured by using an automated microplate reader (Bio-Rad, Japan) at 450 nm, and the stimulation index (SI) was calculated using the equation as follows: $\mathrm{SI}=\frac{\mathrm{OD}450\mathrm{of}\mathrm{stimulated}\mathrm{cells}}{\mathrm{OD}450\mathrm{of}\mathrm{unstimulated}\mathrm{cells}}\times 100\%.$
Lymphocytes isolated from different immune chickens were counted and diluted to 1 × 10⁶ cells/mL. The cells of 500 μL were stained with 5 μL of anti-CD4-PE or 4 μL of anti-CD8-PE (ebioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). After 30 min, the cells were washed and examined by flow cytometry.