Fto glass

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

FTO) glass is a type of laboratory equipment used in various scientific applications. It is designed to be chemically and thermally stable, with a high resistance to corrosion and thermal shock. The core function of FTO) glass is to provide a durable and reliable substrate for various experiments and research activities.

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Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide coated glass slide (FTO, (4 citations) FTO-coated glass slides (3 citations) FTO glass slides (2 citations) Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass (2 citations) Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass (2 citations) FTO-coated glass substrates (2 citations) FTO glass substrate (2 citations) Fluoride-dope tin oxide (FTO) coated glass (2 citations)

6 protocols using fto glass

Fabrication of NdTiO2+xN1-x Photoanodes

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The NdTiO_2+xN_1–x powder was assembled
into a thin film on precleaned conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide
(FTO) glass (2.2 mm thick, Sigma-Aldrich) via an electrophoretic deposition
(EPD) process. Concisely, 20 mg of NdTiO_2+xN_1–x was dispersed in 30 mL of
acetone containing 10 mg of iodine by 20 min sonication to obtain
a uniform suspension. Two FTO slides were immersed into the suspension
parallelly with an ∼10 mm gap, and then a 35 V bias was applied
between them for 1 min. The FTO/NdTiO_2+xN_1–x photoanodes were dried naturally
in air.
A NbCl₅ impregnation step, which was adapted
from TaCl₅ and TiCl₄,^{15 (link),23 (link)} was performed to improve the connection of particles. The FTO/NdTiO_2+xN_1–x photoelectrode was soaked in 0.1 M NbCl₅ (99.99 wt %,
abcr GmbH) dissolved in ethanol for 10 s and dried on a hot plate
at 423 K. After repeating this procedure for four rounds, the electrode
was then annealed in air at 573 K for 1 h to obtain FTO/NdTiO_2+xN_1–x/Nb₂O₅. The electrode was further decorated
with a water oxidation cocatalyst, i.e., CoO_x. A 45 μL aliquot of 7 mM Co(NO₃)₂ dissolved in methanol was dropped on the FTO/NdTiO_2+xN_1–x/Nb₂O₅ surface followed by annealing at 473 K for 1 h. The
composite electrode was washed with distilled water.

Ma Z., Chen K., Jaworski A., Chen J., Rokicińska A., Kuśtrowski P., Dronskowski R, & Slabon A. (2020). Structural Properties of NdTiO2+xN1–x and Its Application as Photoanode. Inorganic Chemistry, 60(2), 919-929.

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Synthesis of BDCA Precursor and CdS Films

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Toluene (5
mL) and of 1-butylamine (C₄H₉–NH₂) (3 mL) are taken in a 25 mL glass vial. This is kept inside
an ice bath. To the above mixture, 1.5 mL of carbon disulphide (CS₂) solution is added slowly dropwise under gentle stirring.
The solution changes from colorless to slightly yellow. This confirms
the formation of BDCA. Following this, 1 mmol of antimony(III) oxide
is added to the BDCA solution. The mixture is heated at 70 °C
for 30 min until the metal oxide is completely dissolved, and the
solution turns dark yellow. This solution is further heated to remove
unreacted butylamine and CS₂. After removal of unreacted
chemicals, the solution becomes highly viscous. The viscosity of this
solution typically depends on the added metal oxide concentration.
Trace amounts of insoluble metal oxide particles are removed by centrifugation
(speed: 8000≈ rpm) and stored in a closed glass vial at room
temperature for further use. The CdS precursor solution is also prepared
by the protocol as discussed above. Instead of toluene, ethanol is
used as the solvent. This resulted in better adhesive films on the
fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (Sigma-Aldrich FTO glass—sheet
resistance—8 Ω/sq, thickness ≈ 550 nm) substrate
compared to when films are cast using toluene.

Tamilselvan M., Byregowda A., Su C.Y., Tseng C.J, & Bhattacharyya A.J. (2019). Planar Heterojunction Solar Cell Employing a Single-Source Precursor Solution-Processed Sb2S3 Thin Film as the Light Absorber. ACS Omega, 4(7), 11380-11387.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of WO3 Thin Films

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WO₃ thin films were produced on fluorine doped tin oxide
(FTO) glass
(4 cm × 1.8 cm, 2.2 mm thick, Sigma-Aldrich) by a hydrothermal
synthesis method. FTO substrates were ultrasonically cleaned in diluted
nitric acid, acetone, and ethanol for 15 min each in sequence and
then dried in an ambient atmosphere. A 0.165 g portion of sodium tungstate
dihydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O, 99.9%,
Acros Organics) and a 0.126 g portion of H₂C₂O₄·2H₂O were dissolved in 5 and 10 mL
of deionized water by stirring, respectively. The two solutions were
then mixed with stirring, and 10 mL of 1 M HCl was added and stirred
for 10 min. A 6 mL portion of the mixed solution was transferred to
a 20 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, where a FTO substrate
was placed inside with the conducting side facing down and leaning
against the inner wall. The autoclave was tightly sealed and heated
at 180 °C for 2 h, and then it was cooled to room temperature.
After that, the FTO glass was cautiously washed with water and dried
in the air. The monoclinic WO₃ thin film grown on an FTO
substrate could be achieved after annealing at 550 °C for 1 h
and then cooling to room temperature under an ambient atmosphere.

Chen Z., Corkett A.J., de Bruin-Dickason C., Chen J., Rokicińska A., Kuśtrowski P., Dronskowski R, & Slabon A. (2020). Tailoring the Surface Properties of Bi2O2NCN by in Situ Activation for Augmented Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation on WO3 and CuWO4 Heterojunction Photoanodes. Inorganic Chemistry, 59(18), 13589-13597.

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FTO Glass Substrate Preparation

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All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and used without further purification. The fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass (7 Ω sq⁻¹, transparency 80%, Sigma Aldrich, USA) was used as the conductive substrate. All aqueous solutions were prepared with triple distilled water by Millipore.

Zindrou A., Belles L., Solakidou M., Boukos N, & Deligiannakis Y. (2023). Non-graphitized carbon/Cu2O/Cu0 nanohybrids with improved stability and enhanced photocatalytic H2 production. Scientific Reports, 13, 13999.

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Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cell Components

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Nickel(ii) chloride hexahydrate (99.9%), selenium powder (99%), oleylamine (OLA, 70%), oleic acid (OA, 98%), toluene (anhydrous, 99.8%), ethanol (96%), acetone (99.5%), acetylacetone (≥99%), isopropanol (anhydrous, 99.5%), hexane (anhydrous, 95%), lithium perchlorate, lithium iodide (99.99%), iodine (synthetic grade), 4-tert-butylpyridine (98%), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, anhydrous 99.5%), anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles (<25 nm particle size, 99.7%), acetic acid (99.7%), distilled water, dishwashing liquid (©Sunlight) as an alternative to hydroxypropyl cellulose, N-719 dye (95%), and FTO glass (surface resistivity ∼ 7 Ω sq⁻¹); all these were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Airo M.A., Otieno F., Mxakaza L., Ipadeola A., Kadzutu-Sithole R.S., Machogo-Phao L.F., Billing C., Moloto M, & Moloto N. (2020). Probing the stoichiometry dependent catalytic activity of nickel selenide counter electrodes in the redox reaction of iodide/triiodide electrolyte in dye sensitized solar cells. RSC Advances, 10(65), 39509-39520.

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Fabrication of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

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CoS or doped CoS is then coated on a FTO substrate according to a widely used CE preparation method.^{32,33 (link)} To prepare the CE for DSSCs, 0.2 g of the obtained nanopowders were suspended in 2 mL ethanol by sonication and magnetic stirring; then 0.86 mL terpineol and 1.1 mL ethyl cellulose in ethanol (10 wt%) were dipped into the mixture solution one by one, followed by again stirring and sonication. The resulting paste was coated onto the FTO glass (Sigma-Aldrich, R = 7 Ω sq⁻¹) via spin coating method at 4000 rpm for 30 s. Afterwards, the CEs were annealed at 450 °C in Ar for 30 min. Moreover, the commercial Pt CE purchased from Dalian HepatChroma Solar-Tech Co., Ltd was used as a reference.
TiO₂ nanoparticle photoanodes were prepared by spin-casting a ∼160 nm TiO₂ under layer and doctor-blading technique to form a 10 μm TiO₂ nanocrystalline layer. Then, the TiO₂ photoanodes were immersed into 0.05 M TiCl₄ aqueous solution at 70 °C for 30 min. Subsequently, the photoanodes were calcined at 450 °C for 0.5 h in air. After cooling at room temperature, the TiO₂ photoanodes were took out and immersed in a 0.50 mM ethanol solution of N719 dye (purchased from DYESOL LTD) for 24 h. Finally, the dye-sensitized TiO₂ photoanodes were took out from dye solution and washed with anhydrous ethanol. The active area of photoanodes was ∼0.25 cm² (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm).

Zhuang G., Liu H, & Chen X. (2018). High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells using Ag-doped CoS counter electrodes. RSC Advances, 8(34), 18792-18799.

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