Rutin

Manufactured by Phytolab

Sourced in Germany

Rutin is a compound found in various plants, including citrus fruits, buckwheat, and the leaves of the Sophora japonica tree. It is a type of flavonoid with antioxidant properties. Rutin is used in the production of various laboratory equipment and reagents.

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Lab products found in correlation

Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Apigenin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sinapic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Epicatechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Trifluoroacetic acid tfa, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Apigenin 7 glucoside, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate fecl3 6h2o, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium carbonate na2co3 2 4 6 tris 2 pyridyl s triazine tptz, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hederacoside c, by Phytolab (1 mentions) Nano glo luciferase assay, by Promega (1 mentions) Hyperoside, by Phytolab (1 mentions) Linomat 5 sample applicator, by CAMAG (1 mentions) Chlorogenic acid, by Phytolab (1 mentions)

11 protocols using rutin

Nano-Glo Luciferase Assay with Ivy Leaf Extract

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Nano-Glo^® Luciferase Assay was obtained from Promega (Promega GmbH, Mannheim). Ivy leaves dry extract EA 575^® (CID-100048) was obtained from Engelhard (Engelhard Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG Niederdorfelden).
The reference substances rutin, hederacoside C, hederacoside D, and α-hederin were obtained from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
All other reagents were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), if not stated otherwise.

Schulte-Michels J., Keksel C., Häberlein H, & Franken S. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effects of ivy leaves dry extract: influence on transcriptional activity of NFκB. Inflammopharmacology, 27(2), 339-347.

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HPLC Analysis of Plant Compounds

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For HPLC analysis, acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The analytical standards of catechin, myricetin, and quercitrin were acquired from HWI ANALYTIK GMBH (Rülzheim, Germany), while quercetin, epicatechin, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin was provided by PhytoLab GmbH & Co (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
Reagents for spectrophotometric assays, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine) (TPTZ), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), and sodium acetate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DPPH was obtained from TCI (Tokyo, Japan).

Ioannou G.D., Savva I.K., Christou A., Stavrou I.J, & Kapnissi-Christodoulou C.P. (2023). Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Activity, and Chemometric Classification of Carob Pulp and Products. Molecules, 28(5), 2269.

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HPTLC Analysis of Polyphenols and Ecdysteroids

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Chromatography was performed on silica gel F254 HPTLC pre-coated plates using as mobile phase ethyl acetate–formic acid–glacial acetic acid–water (100:1:11:26) for identification of polyphenols [10 ] and ethyl acetate–methanol–water (81:11:8) for ecdysteroids [10 ]. Samples were applied on the plates as band of 7 mm width using a Camag Linomat V sample applicator at the distance of 14 mm from the edge of the plates. The fingerprints were evaluated in visible mode with a WinCats software after derivatization with NP-PEG for polyphenols or after drying the plate at 110 °C for 10 min, for ecdysone visualization. Reference compounds for HPTLC analysis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany (rutin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside) and from PhytoLab, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany (β-ecdysone).

Grigore A., Bubueanu C., Pirvu L., Neagu G., Bejanaru I., Vulturescu V., Panteli M, & Rasit I. (2021). Immunomodulatory Effect of Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit.. Plants, 10(10), 1990.

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Ethanol Tinctures of Kampo Remedies

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The ethanol tinctures of 121 Kampo remedies were obtained from Dr. Peter Lepke (Kronen Apotheke Wuppertal, Germany). Tinctures were made by extracting the plant material in ethanol (1:5 w/v). The tinctures used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table S1. All of the chemicals were purchased from either Sigma–Aldrich (5-HT hydrochloride, gamma-aminobutyric acid, tannic acid, schizandrin, schizandrin B, leonurine, boldine, berberine chloride, liquiritigenin, hesperetin, kaempferol, andrographolide, linderane, rosmarinic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyd, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid), Carl Roth (rutin) or PhytoLab (atractylenolide III).

Hoffmann K.M., Herbrechter R., Ziemba P.M., Lepke P., Beltrán L., Hatt H., Werner M, & Gisselmann G. (2016). Kampo Medicine: Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activity of 121 Herbal Drugs on GABAA and 5-HT3A Receptors. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 219.

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Antioxidant Profiling of Algerian Black Cumin

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All chemicals and reagents used in this study were analytical grade. The chemicals such as 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), absolute ethanol (99.9%, v/v) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). LC-MS grade water, ethanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), while trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Catechin, myricetin, and quercitrin were provided by HWI ANALYTIK GMBH, while quercetin, epicatechin, sinapic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid were acquired from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin was purchased from PhytoLab GmbH & Co (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds were obtained from a local market in Mascara City (Mascara, Algeria) in March 2022.

Gueffai A., Gonzalez-Serrano D.J., Christodoulou M.C., Orellana-Palacios J.C., Ortega M.L., Ouldmoumna A., Kiari F.Z., Ioannou G.D., Kapnissi-Christodoulou C.P., Moreno A, & Hadidi M. (2022). Phenolics from Defatted Black Cumin Seeds (Nigella sativa L.): Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization, Comparison, and Antioxidant Activity. Biomolecules, 12(9), 1311.

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Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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Amberlite^® XAD7HP (DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA), chromatographic grade chemicals of hexane, water, acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate, m ethanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and analytical grade of chemicals of 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), Trolox^®, 2,4,6-tripirydyl-Striazine (TPTZ) and ferric chloride were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). In addition, 96–98% (g/g) concentrated sulfuric acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagents, sodium carbonate, phenolic compound standards of gallic acid, hydroxy tyrosol, tyrosol, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), vanillic acid, vanillin, o-coumaric acid, oleuropein, pinoresinol, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, apigenin-7-glucoside, apigenin, luteolin-7-glucoside and luteolin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). Verbascoside was bought from the HWI group (Ruelzhelm, Germany). Rutin was bought from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).

Zhao H., Avena-Bustillos R.J, & Wang S.C. (2022). Extraction, Purification and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in California Olive Pomace. Foods, 11(2), 174.

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Deep Eutectic Solvents: Detailed Synthesis

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The starting materials of DESs, choline chloride (≥98%), urea, ethylene glycol, 1,3-butanedion (99.5%), glycerol, citric acid monohydrate, D-fructose (≥99%), and D-sorbitol (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). D-glucose anhydrous and citric acid monohydrate were acquired from CARLO ERBA Reagents SAS (Val de Reuil Cedex, France) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively.
For HPLC analysis, acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (MeOH) were provided by Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The analytical standards of catechin, quercitrin, and myricetin were obtained from HWI ANALYTIK GMBH (Rülzheim, Germany), while apigenin, epicatechin, quercetin, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin was obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
The reagents for spectrophotometric assays, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine) (TPTZ), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), and sodium acetate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and DPPH was purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan).

Ioannou G.D., Ioannou K.A., Christou A., Stavrou I.J, & Kapnissi-Christodoulou C.P. (2024). The Utilization of an Aloe Vera Rind By-Product: Deep Eutectic Solvents as Eco-Friendly and Recyclable Extraction Media of Polyphenolic Compounds. Antioxidants, 13(2), 162.

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Physicochemical Profiling of Algerian Date Powder

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The HPLC-grade water was obtained from a LC-Pak™ Millex system (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). Formic acid, MS grade methanol, citric acid, galacturonic acid, malic acid, glucose, sucrose, gallic acid, and caffeine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Quinic acid, catechin, procyanidin B 1 , procyanidin C 1 , kaempferol glucoside, kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin rhamnoside were obtained from PhytoLab, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany. The ''Degla-Beida'' dates used in this study present a dry nature and a hard texture, that are found in the palm groves of South-East Algeria. The choice of this variety is justified by its relative abundance on the national territory, its low market value, its long shelf life due to its dry nature, its taste and nutritional quality (energy source represented by its high sugar content) (Djaoud et al., 2020) . The dates were washed with tap water followed by distillated water, pitted and deposited in a drying oven at 40°C until up to a constant weight. Then, the dried samples were ground into a fine powder, which was passed through a standard sieve (125 µm diameter) and only the fraction with the particle size≤125 µm was used. Finally, the powder was stored in the darkness (Djaoud et al., 2019) .

Djaoud K., Daglia M., Sokeng A.J.T., Kermiche F., Arkoub L., & Makhlouf L.B. (2020). RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive compounds from Degla-Beida dates: Conventional and green extraction technologies. The Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati Fascicle VI – Food Technology, 44(1), 58-81.

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Analytical Standardization of Phytochemicals

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Certified reference materials (CRM): caffeic acid (≥98%), apigenin (≥95%), and apigenin-7-glucoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary reference standards: rutin was purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), chlorogenic acid was purchased from the HWI group (Rülzheim, Germany). All solvents used were of analytical or HPLC grade. Water was distilled and purified using the Stakpure GmpH water system (Niederahr, Germany).

Bārzdiņa A., Paulausks A., Bandere D, & Brangule A. (2022). The Potential Use of Herbal Fingerprints by Means of HPLC and TLC for Characterization and Identification of Herbal Extracts and the Distinction of Latvian Native Medicinal Plants. Molecules, 27(8), 2555.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts

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Reference standards: caffeic acid (≥98%), quinic acid (≥98%), catechin (≥98%), apigenin (≥95%), and apigenin-7-glucoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin was purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), and chlorogenic acid was purchased from the HWI group (Rülzheim, Germany). All solvents used were analytical or HPLC grade. The water was distilled and purified using the Stakpure GmpH water system (Niederahr, Germany). Gallic acid and AlCl₃ and Trolox were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), and Na₂CO₃ and NaNO₂ were obtained from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, H₂SO₄, HCl, and NaOH reagents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). LC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and water for LC analysis was purified using a Stakpure GmpH water purification system (Niederahr, Germany).

Šukele R., Lauberte L., Kovalcuka L., Logviss K., Bārzdiņa A., Brangule A., Horváth Z.M, & Bandere D. (2023). Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Tanacetum vulgare L. Wild-Growing in Latvia. Plants, 12(10), 1968.

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