Shimadzu (QP2020) instrument integrated with a mass spectrometer was used to perform gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for different solvent extracts of CR. In brief, 100 µL of the filtrate was suspended in 900 µL of respective solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane and petroleum ether). To eliminate the impurities, the mixture was filtered by a syringe filter (0.25 μM). Then, the filtered samples were injected into Shimadzu (QP2020) GC-MS instrument equipped with 30 m long SH-Rxi-5Sil-MS capillary column (0.25 µm film thickness and 0.25 mm inner diameter) by auto injector in 1:10 split ratio. The inlet temperature program was at 50 °C initially and it was increased gradually (6 °C /min) up to 280 °C. Injector temperature was maintained at 250 °C, pressure at 68.1 kpa and helium was used as a carrier gas with 1.2 mL/min flow rate (linear velocity of 39.7 cm/s). The ionization energy of 70 eV was used to perform ionization in an electron impact mode at 200 °C. The results obtained for CR extracts were compared with the standard mass spectra (NIST 2005 MS collection) libraries. The relative percentage of each compound was determined by calculating the average peak area to total area ratio.
Qp2020
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The QP2020 is a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system manufactured by Shimadzu. It is designed for the analysis of a wide range of organic compounds. The QP2020 combines high-performance gas chromatography with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, providing accurate and reliable analytical results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sh rxi 5sil ms, by Shimadzu (4 mentions)
Gcsolution, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Zebron zb 5 capillary column, by Phenomenex (2 mentions)
Qp2010 plus, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Methyl heptadecanoate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rxi 5 sil ms, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
37 component fame mix, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 6 trimethylpyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rtx 2330 capillary column, by Restek (1 mentions)
Db 5ms capillary column, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Sh rxi 5sil ms capillary column, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Hp 5ms column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Rtx 5ms, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Avance 3, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Pocket colorimetertm 2, by HACH (1 mentions)
Qp2010, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Gc ms, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Db wax capillary column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
37 protocols using qp2020
1
Phytochemical Profiling of CR Extracts
2
Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Tracing in Photocatalytic Methane Oxidation
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For carbon source investigation: 20 mg Pd-def-In2O3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 ml H2O. After the reactor being degassed for 30 min, 1 bar O2 and 5 bar 13CH4 were injected into the reactor. After reacting for 6 h, the suspension was filtered and then the solvent was analyzed by GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd) equipped with the Cap WAX column.
For oxygen source investigation: 20 mg Pd-def-In2O3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 ml H216O or H218O. After the reactor being degassed for 30 min, 1 bar 18O2 or 16O2 and 5 bar CH4 were injected into the reactor. After reacting for 6 h, the suspension was filtered and then the solvent was analyzed by GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd).
For oxygen source investigation: 20 mg Pd-def-In2O3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 ml H216O or H218O. After the reactor being degassed for 30 min, 1 bar 18O2 or 16O2 and 5 bar CH4 were injected into the reactor. After reacting for 6 h, the suspension was filtered and then the solvent was analyzed by GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd).
3
Photocatalytic Methane Oxidation Mechanism
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For carbon source investigation with isotopic labelled 13CH4: 20 mg Cu0.029-def-WO3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 mL H2O, then the reactor was vacuumed for 30 min and refilled with 1 bar O2 and 5 bar 13CH4. The reaction was conducted for 6 h to gain more concentrated products for detection facilitation. As H13CHO tended to exist as HO13CH2OH in aqueous solution, the products were identified by 13C NMR (AVANCE III, JEOL Ltd).
For oxygen source investigation with isotopically labelled 18O2: 20 mg Cu0.029-def-WO3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 mL H2O, then the reactor was vacuumed for 30 min and refilled with 1 bar 18O2 and 19 bar CH4. The reaction was conducted for 6 h to gain more concentrated products for detection facilitation. The as-produced HCH18O was measured with GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd) equipped with the Cap WAX column to identify the existence of H218O.
For oxygen source investigation with isotopic labelled H218O: 20 mg Cu0.029-def-WO3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 mL H2O, then the reactor was vacuumed for 30 min and refilled with 1 bar 18O2 and 19 bar CH4. The reaction was conducted for 6 h to gain more concentrated products for detection facilitation. The as-produced HCH18O was measured with GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd) equipped with the Cap WAX column to identify the existence of H218O.
For oxygen source investigation with isotopically labelled 18O2: 20 mg Cu0.029-def-WO3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 mL H2O, then the reactor was vacuumed for 30 min and refilled with 1 bar 18O2 and 19 bar CH4. The reaction was conducted for 6 h to gain more concentrated products for detection facilitation. The as-produced HCH18O was measured with GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd) equipped with the Cap WAX column to identify the existence of H218O.
For oxygen source investigation with isotopic labelled H218O: 20 mg Cu0.029-def-WO3 photocatalyst was dispersed in 3 mL H2O, then the reactor was vacuumed for 30 min and refilled with 1 bar 18O2 and 19 bar CH4. The reaction was conducted for 6 h to gain more concentrated products for detection facilitation. The as-produced HCH18O was measured with GC-MS (QP2020, Shimadzu Co., Ltd) equipped with the Cap WAX column to identify the existence of H218O.
4
Fatty Acid Profiling and Lipid Quality Indices
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The lipid content was determined by the chloroform-methanol extraction method [15 (link)] and the extracted lipid was subsequently used for fatty acid analysis. The methyl esterification and analysis of the fatty acids were based on the method described by Ma et al. [13 (link)] using a gas chromatography and mass spectrogram (GC-MS; QP2020, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with Rxi-5 sil MS (30 × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). Fatty acids were identified by the external standards (37 Component FAME Mix, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) and quantified by the internal standard concentration (methyl heptadecanoate, Sigma, Shanghai, China). The atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) used as evaluating fat quality indices [16 (link)] were calculated as follows:
where MUFA and PUFA represent monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively.
where MUFA and PUFA represent monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively.
5
Volatile Compounds Analysis in Fish Fillets
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The volatile compounds in fillets were assayed by the method described in our previous study [17 (link)] using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS, QP2020, Shimadzu, Japan) coupled with automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) system (AOC-6000, CTC, Zwingen, Switzerland). Volatile compounds were identified by chemical standards (Sigma, Shanghai, China) and linear retention indices (calculated using a series of n-alkanes). The concentrations were quantified by the ratio of the peak area to the internal standard (2, 4, 6-trimethyl-pyridine, Sigma, Shanghai, China). Odor activity value (OAV) was used to evaluate the contribution of each volatile compound. When the OAV was equal to or greater than 1, it was considered that the substance was an odor-active compound contributing to the overall aroma [18 (link)]. The OAV was calculated as:
where Ci is the concentration of the volatile compound, OTi is the odor threshold of the compound reported in the literature [17 (link)].
where Ci is the concentration of the volatile compound, OTi is the odor threshold of the compound reported in the literature [17 (link)].
6
Volatile Compounds Analysis via GC-MS
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The VCs in samples were isolated by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and analyzed with a gas chromatography-mass detector (GC-MS) (Shimadzu QP2020, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) system coupled to an autosampler (AOC 5000 Plus, CTC, Switzerland), according to Genovese et al. (2015) [54 (link)] and Korkmaz et al. (2020) [70 (link)], with some modifications. Details of the analysis are presented in SM.
7
Fatty Acid Composition Analysis by GC-FID
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The analysis of FA composition in samples was carried out by a gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (GC-FID) system (Shimadzu QP2020, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) equipped with an Rtx-2330 capillary column (0.20 µm, 60 m × 0.25 mm, Restek, Bad Homburg, Germany) [65 ]. Approximately 0.1 g of oil sample was added to 10 mL of hexane and shaken vigorously. To obtain FAMEs, 0.5 mL of the solution of potassium hydroxide (2N) in methanol was added to this mixture and vortexed for 20 s. After holding in the dark for 2 h, 1 µL of this solution was injected into the GC with a split mode (1:100). The temperatures of the injection port and detector were set at 250 °C. The oven temperature was first set at 140 for 5 min. Then, it was increased to 240 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min and maintained at isotherm for 12 min. The carrier gas was helium at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The peak identifications and calculation of their areas as relative percentages were performed by using the mixture standards of FAMEs.
8
LDPE Degradation Analysis by GC-MS
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The culture filtrate (both control and C. sphaerospermum treated) was extracted with ethanol and used to identify the degradation products of LDPE, using GC–MS analysis (Shimadzu QP2020, Japan). One microliter of sample was injected through AOC-20i auto injector. The oven temperature was held at 50 °C, increased to 280 °C at a rate of 6 °C/min. The Ion source was maintained at a temperature of 200 °C at a threshold of 1000. A whole scan range from 50 to 500 m/z with a scan time of 0.30 s was setup.
9
Fatty Acid Profiling of Olive Oil
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The gas chromatography
(GC) equipment (Shimadzu-QP2020) was utilized
to assess the contents of the fatty acid of the applied olive oil.
The equipment was fitted with a flame ionization detector (FID) in
the presence of helium as the carrier gas. Specifications of the composition
of the fatty acid of the olive oil are cited inTable 6 .
(GC) equipment (Shimadzu-QP2020) was utilized
to assess the contents of the fatty acid of the applied olive oil.
The equipment was fitted with a flame ionization detector (FID) in
the presence of helium as the carrier gas. Specifications of the composition
of the fatty acid of the olive oil are cited in
10
Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of Water Samples
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The water sample (10 mL) and
2 g of sodium chloride were added to a separatory funnel. Then, 20
mL of dichloromethane was added to the separatory funnel, and the
separatory funnel was shaken vigorously. The aqueous layer was discarded,
and another 10 mL of water was added to the organic layer. The remaining
organic layer was set to evaporate to 1 mL under a stream of nitrogen,
filtered, and analyzed by GC–MS.
All GC–MS measurements
were obtained on a Shimadzu-QP2020 gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer
with the following settings:
Column: Shimadzu SH-Rxi-5Sil MS
(30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm).
Oven temperature:
45 °C, hold for 7 min, ramp to 200 °C
at 20 °C/min, hold for 60 min.
Injection temperature: 200
°C.
Splitting ratio: splitless.
MS ion source temperature:
230 °C.
Interface temperature: 150 °C.
Total
run time: 60 min.
2 g of sodium chloride were added to a separatory funnel. Then, 20
mL of dichloromethane was added to the separatory funnel, and the
separatory funnel was shaken vigorously. The aqueous layer was discarded,
and another 10 mL of water was added to the organic layer. The remaining
organic layer was set to evaporate to 1 mL under a stream of nitrogen,
filtered, and analyzed by GC–MS.
All GC–MS measurements
were obtained on a Shimadzu-QP2020 gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer
with the following settings:
Column: Shimadzu SH-Rxi-5Sil MS
(30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm).
Oven temperature:
45 °C, hold for 7 min, ramp to 200 °C
at 20 °C/min, hold for 60 min.
Injection temperature: 200
°C.
Splitting ratio: splitless.
MS ion source temperature:
230 °C.
Interface temperature: 150 °C.
Total
run time: 60 min.
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