Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), we examined the surface morphology and scanning rate of Pd–TiO2 plasmonic photocatalysts prepared with different Pd–TiO2 combinations, with 30 mA, 40 kV, and 50 Hz scanning rates. To identify the morphology of nanomaterials prepared, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) JEM-2000EX (JEOL, Japan) with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and a field emission gun (C-FEG) was utilized. The filament used in this TEM is a sharpened lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) crystal. A Jasco V-650 double-beam spectrophotometer was used to record UV-vis/DR spectra.
In this study, a BELSORP MINI X surface area and pore size analyzer was applied to determine the surface area and pore size distribution (adsorption–desorption of N2 gas at 77 K). Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the samples were degassed at 150 °C for five hours before analysis. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were retrieved using monochromatic Al K radiation and the Kratos Axis Ultra DLD apparatus (225 W, 15 mA, 15 kV), with a pass energy of 50 eV. The binding energy (BE) of adventitious carbon C ls (284.9 eV) was computed as a baseline.
In this study, a BELSORP MINI X surface area and pore size analyzer was applied to determine the surface area and pore size distribution (adsorption–desorption of N2 gas at 77 K). Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the samples were degassed at 150 °C for five hours before analysis. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were retrieved using monochromatic Al K radiation and the Kratos Axis Ultra DLD apparatus (225 W, 15 mA, 15 kV), with a pass energy of 50 eV. The binding energy (BE) of adventitious carbon C ls (284.9 eV) was computed as a baseline.