Bleomycin sulphate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Bleomycin sulphate is a pharmaceutical compound used in the production of various laboratory reagents and solutions. It is a chemotherapeutic agent derived from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. The compound has applications in cell biology research and drug development processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Calf thymus dna, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Flavourzyme, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 2 deoxyguanosine monohydrate 2 dg, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 8 hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Alcalase, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Normal saline, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bleomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Itaconic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Isoflurane, by Abbott (1 mentions) Microsprayer ms ia 1c, by Penn-Century (1 mentions)

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Bleomycin (193 citations)

10 protocols using bleomycin sulphate

Antioxidant Properties of Royal Jelly

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Fresh royal jelly (RJ) from Apis mellifera L. was obtained from the Honey Bee Farm (Changhua, Taiwan). Fresh RJ was dissolved in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2) and heated in a water bath (90 °C) for 30 min to eliminate its enzymatic activity. It was then lyophilized and stored at −20 °C until use.
The enzymes used for protein hydrolysis were alcalase (2.4 Anson units (AU)/g) and flavourzyme (0.5 unit/g) (Sigma Chemicals Co., St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. TBA (2-thiobarbituric acid, minimum 98%), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 2′-deoxyguanosine monohydrate (2′-dG; 99–100%), bleomycin sulphate and calf thymus DNA were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade.

Chiang S.H., Yang K.M., Sheu S.C, & Chen C.W. (2021). The Bioactive Compound Contents and Potential Protective Effects of Royal Jelly Protein Hydrolysates against DNA Oxidative Damage and LDL Oxidation. Antioxidants, 10(4), 580.

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Macrophage Reconstitution in Rac2-/- Mice

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To determine if the phenotypes observed in the Rac2-/- mice were macrophage autonomous, we reconstituted Rac2-/- mice with bone marrow derived macrophages from wild type mice. Rac2-/- mice were administered a single intratracheal injection of 0.05 U of bleomycin sulphate (3 U/Kg body weight, dissolved in normal saline, Sigma Aldrich) or normal saline on day 0. On 5^th day following bleomycin instillation, 1 x 10⁶ cultured WT M2 or M1 BMDMs (M2 macrophages were BMDMs stimulated with 20 ng/ml of IL4 and M1 macrophages stimulated with 100 ng/ml of LPS) were injected through the tail vein in Rac2-/- mice. 1 million M2 or M1 macrophages were injected every third day until lungs were harvested on 28 day.

Joshi S., Singh A.R., Wong S.S., Zulcic M., Jiang M., Pardo A., Selman M., Hagood J.S, & Durden D.L. (2017). Rac2 is required for alternative macrophage activation and bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis; a macrophage autonomous phenotype. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0182851.

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Induction of Senescence in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

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Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were isolated from 13.5-day C57BL/6J mouse embryos and grown in DM10 media at 37°C and under hypoxic conditions (5% CO2), as detailed in the Supplementary Materials. Senescence was induced by either: (1) paracrine induction by CM from IMR90 control or SEN-IMR90, as detailed in the Supplementary Materials; or (2) addition of 100 μM Bleomycin sulphate (A10152, Sigma-Aldrich) to cell culture for 7 days. The degree of senescence induction was monitored by SABG activity as above [42 (link)], gene expression analysis (RT-PCR), or immunofluorescence (against p21) as detailed in the Supplementary Materials.

Hernandez-Gonzalez F., Prats N., Ramponi V., López-Domínguez J.A., Meyer K., Aguilera M., Muñoz Martín M.I., Martínez D., Agusti A., Faner R., Sellarés J., Pietrocola F, & Serrano M. (2023). Human senescent fibroblasts trigger progressive lung fibrosis in mice. Aging (Albany NY), 15(14), 6641-6657.

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Acod1 Knockout Mice in Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Acod1^-/- (C57BL/6NJ-Acod1^(em1J)/J, JAX stock number 029340) mice and littermate controls were bred on a C57BL/6 background. Unless otherwise stated, all mice were between 8 and 12 weeks of age. Mice were housed in specific-pathogen-free conditions and given food and water ad libitum. All procedures were approved by the United Kingdom Home Office and conducted in strict accordance with the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. The Imperial College London Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) approved this protocol. All surgery was performed under ketamine and sodium pentobarbital anaesthesia and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Mice were administered either 0.05U (1U/ml solution dissolved in PBS) of bleomycin sulphate (Sigma Aldrich) or 50μl PBS via the oropharyngeal route at day 0 and culled after 7, 21 or 42 days. For therapeutic experiments mice were administered 0.25mg/kg (1mM solution dissolved in PBS, 50μl) itaconic acid (Sigma Aldrich) or PBS via the oropharyngeal route twice a week, beginning 10 days after of bleomycin administration.

Ogger P.P., Albers G.J., Hewitt R.J., O’Sullivan B.J., Powell J.E., Calamita E., Ghai P., Walker S.A., McErlean P., Saunders P., Kingston S., Molyneaux P.L., Halket J.M., Gray R., Chambers D.C., Maher T.M., Lloyd C.M, & Byrne A.J. (2020). Itaconate controls the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Science immunology, 5(52), eabc1884.

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Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Model

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Bleomycin sulphate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) was dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline and administered as a single dose of 0.75 mg/kg body weight (a dose chosen based on our data from a preliminary dosage experiment, data not shown) by oropharyngeal instillation into the lung of lightly anaesthetised (2.0% Isoflurane, Abbott GmbH, Germany) Atm-deficient mice and wild-type mice on day 0. Control animals received a body weight adjusted dose of saline alone. Oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) was performed as described by De Vooght et al. [23] (link). Briefly, mice were held vertically, the tongue was pulled out with forceps, and the fluid was placed onto the distal part of the oropharynx while the nose was gently closed. Bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary function tests and perfusion were performed and lung tissue was harvested at day 0, 9 and 28 post-dosing.

Duecker R., Baer P., Eickmeier O., Strecker M., Kurz J., Schaible A., Henrich D., Zielen S, & Schubert R. (2017). Oxidative stress-driven pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of human ataxia-telangiectasia. Redox Biology, 14, 645-655.

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Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Model

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WT, Rac2-/- and α4Y991A mice were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of ketamine and xylazine (100 and 10 mg/kg body mass, respectively). Mice were administered an intratracheal instillation of 0.05 U of bleomycin sulphate (Sigma) (3 U/Kg body weight, dissolved in normal saline) or normal saline using Micro Sprayer MS-IA-1C (Penn-Century). Following the bleomycin instillation, mice were monitored daily for morbidity and mortality. Groups of WT, Rac2-/- and α4Y991A mice (n = 5 to 10 per time point) were sacrificed and their lung tissues were analyzed on day 3, 7 and 28 after bleomycin injection.

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Bleomycin-induced Lung Injury Model

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Bleomycin sulphate (Sigma) was freshly dissolved in 0.9% NaCl. On day 3, mice were anaesthetized with inhaled 1.5% isoflurane and 200 µl Bleomycin sulphate in 0.9% NaCl or 0.9% NaCl only was administered to the oropharynx with a micropipette to allow the mice to inhale this solution [15 (link)].
For this series of experiments, 12 comparator experimental groups were produced: 6 transgenic groups treated with 100 mg/kg daily lanifibranor, 30 mg/kg lanifibranor or vehicle only in which either bleomycin or unbuffered saline was used. These were annotated: TG-bleomycin 100, TG-bleomycin 30, TG-bleomycin vehicle, TG-saline 100, TG-saline 30 and TG-saline vehicle. There were a further 6 equivalent WT groups: WT-bleomycin 100, WT-bleomycin 30, WT-bleomycin vehicle, WT-saline 100, WT-saline 30 and WT-saline vehicle.

Derrett-Smith E., Clark K.E., Shiwen X., Abraham D.J., Hoyles R.K., Lacombe O., Broqua P., Junien J.L., Konstantinova I., Ong V.H, & Denton C.P. (2021). The pan-PPAR agonist lanifibranor reduces development of lung fibrosis and attenuates cardiorespiratory manifestations in a transgenic mouse model of systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 23, 234.

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Bleomycin-induced Lung Injury in Mice

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Bleomycin sulphate (Sigma‐Aldrich) was dissolved in sterile 0.9% NaCl. Under light anesthesia, C57BL6 mice were administered a single oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin (2 mg/kg body weight) or saline control in a randomized manner.⁴

Hansen T.S., Bubb K.J., Schiattarella G.G., Ugander M., Tan T.C, & Figtree G.A. (2022). High‐Resolution Transthoracic Echocardiography Accurately Detects Pulmonary Arterial Pressure and Decreased Right Ventricular Contractility in a Mouse Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 11(23), e018353.

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Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury in Mice

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Mice experiments were planned and conducted to conform to the animal welfare laws, guidelines and policies by the local authority Regierungspräsidium Tübingen, Germany, licence number TVV 17-023-G. The in vivo studies were conducted in the AAALAC-certified facilities at Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma. Male C57BL/6J mice (Mus musculus) aged 8-12 weeks and 21 months were purchased from Janvier (Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France). Mice were housed separately in individually ventilated cages at 22-25°C, 46-65% humidity and 12-h day/night cycle. Animals received water and food ad libitum.
Male mice were randomized before the study. Mice were instilled intratracheally under 3-4% isoflurane anesthesia once on day 0 with either bleomycin sulphate or saline solution (NaCl). Bleomycin administration was performed in a hanging position with a Vasofix-Braunüle 22G (B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany). Young and old mice were instilled with 0.7 mg/kg and 0.63 mg/kg bleomycin sulphate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) in saline solution, respectively. Control mice received saline solution only.

Weckerle J., Picart-Armada S., Klee S., Bretschneider T., Luippold A.H., Rist W., Haslinger C., Schlüter H., Thomas M.J., Krawczyk B., Fernandez-Albert F., Kästle M, & Veyel D. (2022). Mapping the metabolomic and lipidomic changes in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis in young and aged mice. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 15(1), dmm049105.

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Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury in Mice

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Male mice were instilled as described for the elastase model, using 0.45 mg/kg of bleomycin sulphate (Merck) in saline solution. Control mice received saline solution only. Mice were analyzed 21 days after bleomycin administration.

Birk G., Kästle M., Tilp C., Stierstorfer B, & Klee S. (2020). Automatization and improvement of μCT analysis for murine lung disease models using a deep learning approach. Respiratory Research, 21, 124.

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