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5 protocols using porcine serum albumin

1

Protein-Ligand Binding Interactions Study

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Alternariol (AOH) was obtained from Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch (Marktredwitz, Germany). Racemic warfarin (WAR), naproxen (NAP), human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), porcine serum albumin (PSA), rat serum albumin (RSA), glimepiride (GLIM), furosemide (FUR), bilirubin (BIL), phenylbutazone (PBut), indomethacin (IME), racemic ibuprofen (IBU) and S-camptothecin (CPT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). Ethinylestradiol (EE) was purchased from Serva (Budapest, Hungary). Spectroscopic grade ethanol (96%), as well as HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from VWR (Budapest, Hungary). Stock solutions of AOH (5000 μM), bilirubin (500 μM), methyl orange (2000 μM), and glimepiride (2000 μM) were prepared in spectroscopic grade dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Fluka, Bucharest, Romania). Stock solutions of indomethacin and ethinylestradiol (both 2000 μM), as well as ibuprofen, furosemide, phenylbutazone, and naproxen (each 2500 μM) were prepared in ethanol (96%, spectroscopic grade). The applied amounts of organic solvents did not affect significantly the fluorescence measurements (tested in each spectroscopic model). All stock solutions were stored at −20 °C, and protected from light.
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2

Synthesis and Evaluation of 2'R-Ochratoxin A

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2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA) was synthetized as described [23 (link)]. Ochratoxin A (OTA), human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), porcine serum albumin (PSA), rat serum albumin (RSA), racemic warfarin, furosemide, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, methyl orange, bilirubin, and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), (Pan-Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany), Bioluminescent ATP Assay Kit CLSII (Roche; Basel, Switzerland), and Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (Reanal; Budapest, Hungary) were used as received. Stock solutions of 2′R-OTA and OTA (both 5000 µM) were prepared in ethanol (96 v/v%, Reanal, spectroscopic grade) and stored protected from light at −20 °C.
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3

Serum Albumin Preparation and Characterization

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Wild type (WT) bovine, hominian, ovine, leporine, caprine, murine, and porcine serum albumin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) as lyophilized powders at purities greater than 97%. (Table S1) The lyophilized proteins were diluted to 100µM in 100mM Ammonium Acetate and stored at −80°C. 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) ammonium salt hydrate (97%), Warfarin (WRF, analytical grade), indomethacin (IDM, 99%), L-thyroxine (98%), Bilirubin (98%), and Hemin (HMN, 98%) were also purchased from Sigma Aldrich, 10mM DMSO stocks were prepared prior to each experiment. A stock solution of 1mg/mL Diazepam (DZP) was generously provided by the Kennedy Group at the University of Michigan. Recombinant albumin domains 1, 2, and 3, as well as the domain 1–2 fusion protein, were purchased from Albumin Biosciences (Huntsville, AL) as lyophilized powders. Recombinant albumin domains were diluted to 90 or 180µM in 100mM ammonium acetate and stored at −80°C.
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4

Optimized Protein Quantification Protocol

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Porcine serum albumin (PSA), ribonuclease B (RNB), cytochrome C (CYC), β-lactoglobulin (LACT) and TPCK-treated trypsin (bovine pancreas) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methacrylamide (MA), methacrylic acid (MAA), piperazine diarylamide (PDA), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) and ammonium persulfate (APS) were obtained from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was obtained from Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, USA). HPLC-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Silica microshperes (5 μm, 1000Å) were bought from Fuji Sodium Silicate (Kasugai, Japan). Water was purified by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Molsheim, France). 1,4-Dithio-DL-threitol (DTT) and iodoacetamide (IAA) were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). All inorganic reagents were analytical-reagent grade, and all the other solvents were HPLC grade. Chromatographic measurements were performed using an LC-20AD Series HPLC instrument equipped with a binary high-pressure pump, a vacuum degasser, and a UV-VIS detector and wavelength was set at 214 nm (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Surveyor MS pump and LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer were obtained from Thermo-Fisher (San Jose, CA, USA).
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5

Fluorescent Protein Conjugation Protocol

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3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and acetic acid were supplied by Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. Sulfo-Cyanine 5 succinimidyl ester (Sulfo-Cy5 NHS ester) was supplied by Duofluor Inc. FITC labeled bovine serum fibrinogen (Fg-FITC) was purchased from XI’AN QIYUE biology. PEG-NH2 (Mw = 2000) was purchased from JINGPI Technology. The silicone elastomer Sylgard 184 was obtained from Dow Corning (catalog no. 3097358–1004). Human serum albumin (catalog no. SRP6182), bovine serum albumin (catalog no. A2153), porcine serum albumin (catalog no. A1830), and rat serum albumin (catalog no. A6272) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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