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7 protocols using mk 571 sodium salt hydrate

1

Measuring Renal Tubuloid MRP2 Transport

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To determine MRP2 transmembrane transport functionality of 2D‐cultured renal tubuloids, 5(6)‐Carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CDFDA; Sigma) was used as a specific fluorescent substrate, and MK571 sodium salt hydrate (MK571; Sigma) was used as a competitive inhibitor for MRP2. Before beginning these transport assays, two important steps were carried out: (1) HBSS buffer was pre‐warmed. (2) The 2D‐cultured inserts were washed carefully with pre‐warmed HBSS buffer to remove all the existing media. After CDFDA and MK571 were dissolved in pre‐warmed HBSS buffer to acquire their working concentration, HBSS containing 10 μM CDFDA was added to the basolateral side of the renal tubuloids in the absence or presence of 20 μM MK571 in the apical and basolateral compartments. After 60 min at 37°C in the dark, 50 μl samples were taken from apical and basolateral compartments, and fluorescence measured at 485/538 nm. Next, MRP2‐specific transport was calculated as the difference in CDFDA absorbance between the non MK571‐inhibited and MK571‐inhibited values.
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2

Cellular Transport Assay Reagents

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We obtained 5(6)‐Carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein (CDF, a precursor of MRP substrate), MK571 sodium salt hydrate (an MRP inhibitor), Rhodamine 123 (R123, a P‐gp substrate), verapamil (a P‐gp inhibitor), Hoechst 33342 hydrochloride (H33342, a BCRP substrate), and Ko‐143 (a BCRP inhibitor) from Sigma‐Aldrich.
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3

Fluorescent Probes for Biological Studies

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Sulforhodamine 101 (Sulfo101) was purchased from Chemodex (St. Gallen, Switzerland), 8-(2-[fluoresceinyl]aminoethylthio)adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-fluo-cAMP) was purchased from Biolog Life Science (Bremen, Germany), a fluorescent cyclosporine A derivative [N-ϵ(4-nitrobenzofurazan-7-yl)-D-Lys8]cyclosporine A (NBD-CsA) was synthesized as previously described (18 (link)), FA-polyethylene glycol PEG-2kDa-FITC was purchased from Biochempeg (Watertown, MA), and NHS-PEG5-Mal and NHS-PEG40-Mal were obtained from NOF (Tokyo, Japan). SAMSA fluorescein and NHS-TRITC were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Agarose, probenecid, erythromycin, verapamil hydrochloride, p-aminohippuric acid, MK-571 sodium salt hydrate, zosuquidar hydrochloride, saquinavir, indinavir sulfate salt hydrate, folic acid, fluorescein sodium salt (Fluo), FITC-dextran (40, 70, or 150 kDa), 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU), and ethyl-3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222, tricaine) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland).
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4

Bovine Lactoferrin Formulation and Characterization

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Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), derived from bovine colostrum, was provided as a generous donation by Fonterra, located in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Stearic acid (Grade I, with a purity of at least 99% according to gas chromatography) and a combination of high- and low-methoxyl pectin sourced from apples were used, as well as 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), fluorescein sodium salt, sodium azide, verapamil, MK-571 sodium salt hydrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), acquired from Sigma Aldrich, based in St. Louis, MO, USA. Soybean lecithin was obtained from BDH, located in Poole, UK. Poloxamer 188 was procured from BASF in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Chitosan with low viscosity was purchased from Fluka, situated in Park Rabin Rehovot, Israel. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles’ Medium (DMEM), fetal calf serum, penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine, nonessential amino acids, trypsin-EDTA, sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4), and Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS) buffer (pH 7.4) were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The 4′6-diamindino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was purchased from Invitrogen (Auckland, New Zealand). The Caco-2 cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade.
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5

Fluorescent Uptake Assay for Cells

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Albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (A9771), Valspodar (PSC833) (SML0572), and MK-571 sodium salt hydrate (M7571) from Sigma-Aldrich, US. Calcein-AM and Cell Tracker Green CMFDA (Life Technologies, U.S.A.).
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6

Fluorescent Probes for Cell Signaling

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2–2 Zn(II) ATP Probe (gift from Dr. Itaru Hamachi, Kyoto, Japan); Vybrant® FAM Caspase-3 and -7 assay kit (V35118), Eosin-5-maleimide (E118), 1,2,3-dihydrorhodamine (D24806), Hank’s balanced salt solution with Ca2+ and Mg2+ (HBSS++) (14025) or without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (HBSS) (14175), YO-PRO®-1 iodide (λ ex/em 491/509) (Y3603), NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer (NP0007, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA); IgG and protease-free BSA (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA); ATP (A2383-5g), L-glutathione, reduced (G4251), Luperox® TBH70X tert-butyl hydroperoxide solution (458139), Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, D2926), sodium orthovanadate (S6508), MK-571 sodium salt hydrate (M7571), ovalbumin (A5503, Sigma-Aldrich); ENLITEN® ATP Assay System (FF2021), rATP (P1138, Promega, Madison, WI, USA); NSC23788 (553502), glutathione monoethyl ester (353905), GlyH-101 (219671, EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); 8-bromo cAMP sodium salt (1140), calphostin C (1626), indomethacin (1708), iso-PPADS (0683), KT5720 (1288), Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (1201), PPADS (0625), Procaspase-activating compound (PAC) 1 (2581), suramin hexasodium salt (1472), Z-DEVD-FMK (2166, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
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7

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Analysis

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1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), MK571 sodium salt hydrate, glutathione (GSH), 5,5 0 -dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), Dithiothreitol, Bovine serum albumin, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), Neutral red, Trypan blue, 2 0 ,7 0 -dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and butylhydroxytoluene were purchased from Sigma (USA). Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) was purchased from Serva (Germany). 5-Sulfosalicylic acid was purchased from Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Ireland). Folin Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Biopack (Argentina). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and acetic acid were purchased from Cicarelli (Argentina). glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA). Trichloroacetic acid and Thiobarbituric acid were purchased from Merck (Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Anedra (Argentina). Sodium citrate (Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ) was purchased from Stanton (Argentina). Lysing matrix D was purchased from MP Biomedicals (USA).
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