Ethyl alcohol etoh

All reagents were used as received from the suppliers without further purification. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Mw 40,000), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), L-ascorbic acid, Tween 20, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄), and histamine dihydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and aqueous ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) were purchased from Daejung (Siheung, South Korea). HCl and NaOH were purchased from Samchun (Pyeongtaek, South Korea). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 20×) was purchased from Dyne Bio (Seongnam, South Korea). Ultrapure water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ×cm) was produced using a Millipore water purification system (EXL water purification, Vivagen Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea).

Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), Tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC), gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl₄), ascorbic acid (AA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), PBS buffer pH 7.4 tablet, bicarbonate buffer pH 8.5, Tween 20, 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid, anti-rabbit IgG produced in goat (R2004), IgG from rabbit serum (I5006), anti-rabbit IgG-conjugated alkaline phosphatase antibody produced in goat (A3687), and anti-PSA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without further purification. Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and aqueous ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, 27%) were purchased from Daejung (Siheung, Korea). F96 Maxisorp Nunc-Immuno microplate was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Roskilde, Denmark).

To synthesize the NPs, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), ethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw ≈ 40,000), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99.99%), octylamine, and MPTS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without any purification. Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and aqueous ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, 27%) were purchased from Daejung (Siheung, Korea). Designed cysteinyl-β-CD and EDA-β-CD were obtained from the Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB) at Konkuk University, Korea [25 (link),28 (link)], and m-PEG-SH (M.W. 5000) was purchased from Sunbio (Anyang, Korea). Deionized (DI) water was used in all experiments.