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4 protocols using protease and phosphatase inhibitors

1

Evaluating Selenium-Enriched Nanospheres' Impact on Macrophage Signaling

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BMDMs were pretreated with porous Se@SiO2 nanospheres (Se@SiO2 group; 10 µg/mL) or M-Se@SiO2 (M-Se@SiO2 group; 10 µg/mL) for 1 h, and then LPS was added (100 ng/mL). After 30 min, the cells were lysed with RIPA lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (EpiZyme, China). The extracted total proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked in a blocking solution (Beyotime) for 15 min, washed, and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Antibodies specific for p38/p-p38, ERK/p-ERK, and p65/p-p65 (1:1000, Cell Signaling, USA) were used in the experiments. After washing, the membranes were incubated with a goat anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling, USA) for 1 h at room temperature. The blots were developed with an enhanced chemiluminescent reagent (Millipore, USA) and the Tanon Imaging System (Tanon, China) for chemiluminescent detection. Relative band intensities were quantified using ImageJ software, and all results were normalized to β-actin expression.
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2

Exosome protein profiling by Western blot

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Cell and exosome samples were lysed using RIPA buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Epizyme, Shanghai, China). The protein concentration was quanti ed using a BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime). Proteins were separated by 10% (gradient) SDS-PAGE (Epizyme) and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Amersham Hybond 0.45µm; GE Healthcare). The membranes were blocked with 5% milk in trisbuffered saline-Tween (TBS-T) for 2h, then incubated with primary antibodies (anti-CD9(ab92726,Abcam),anti-CD63(ab134045,Abcam), anti-MMP-1(ab134184,Abcam), anti-PAR1(26366-1-AP,Proteintech),anti-Zeb-1(21544-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-Slug(12129-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-SNAI1(13099-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-E-cadherin(20874-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-Vimentin(10366-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-GAPDH(60004-1-Ig,Proteintech)) for 12h at 4°C. the membranes were washed with TBS-T for 3times,15min per time, then incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at RT. The proteins were visualized using the ECL western blotting substrate (cat. WBKLS0100, Millipore) and a Tanon-5200Multi device.
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3

Western Blotting Analysis of Signaling Pathways

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The cells were pretreated with Se@SiO 2 or M-Se@SiO 2 for 1 h, and then LPS was added (100 ng/mL). After 30 min, the cells were lysed with RIPA lysis buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (EpiZyme, China). The extracted total proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked in blocking solution (Beyotime) for 15 min, washed, and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. p38/p-p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p-ERK, and p65/p-p65 antibodies (1:1000, Cell Signaling, USA) were used for the experiments. After washing, the membranes were incubated with goat antirabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase (1:1000, Cell Signaling, USA) for 1 h at room temperature. Blots were developed with enhanced chemiluminescent reagent (Millipore, USA) and Tanon Imaging System (Tanon, China) for chemiluminescent detection. Relative band intensities were quantified using ImageJ software, and all results were normalized to β-actin expression.
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4

Exosome protein profiling by Western blot

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Cell and exosome samples were lysed using RIPA buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Epizyme, Shanghai, China). The protein concentration was quanti ed using a BCA protein assay kit (Beyotime). Proteins were separated by 10% (gradient) SDS-PAGE (Epizyme) and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Amersham Hybond 0.45µm; GE Healthcare). The membranes were blocked with 5% milk in trisbuffered saline-Tween (TBS-T) for 2h, then incubated with primary antibodies (anti-CD9(ab92726,Abcam),anti-CD63(ab134045,Abcam), anti-MMP-1(ab134184,Abcam), anti-PAR1(26366-1-AP,Proteintech),anti-Zeb-1(21544-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-Slug(12129-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-SNAI1(13099-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-E-cadherin(20874-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-Vimentin(10366-1-AP,Proteintech), anti-GAPDH(60004-1-Ig,Proteintech)) for 12h at 4°C. the membranes were washed with TBS-T for 3times,15min per time, then incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at RT. The proteins were visualized using the ECL western blotting substrate (cat. WBKLS0100, Millipore) and a Tanon-5200Multi device.
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