Aquiduo

Manufactured by Toshiba

Sourced in Japan

The Aquiduo is a laboratory equipment designed for water quality testing. It is capable of simultaneously measuring multiple parameters related to water chemistry and physical properties. The Aquiduo is a compact and versatile instrument that provides accurate and reliable data.

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Lab products found in correlation

Biograph 16, by Siemens (3 mentions) Discovery pet ct 600, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Cartesion prime, by Canon (1 mentions) Celesteion, by Canon (1 mentions) Discovery st, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Biograph sensation 16, by Siemens (1 mentions)

11 protocols using aquiduo

FDG-PET/CT Imaging Protocol for Whole-Body Oncologic Evaluation

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After fasting for at least 4 h, the patients received an intravenous injection of ¹⁸F-FDG (3.7 MBq/kg). Sixty minutes after the FDG injection, whole-body PET/CT images were obtained using a PET/CT system (Aquiduo, Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) consisting of a combination of a full-ring PET scanner with lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and a 16-row helical CT scanner. CT studies for attenuation correction were performed under expiratory breath-holding using the following parameters: 120 kV; 50-200 mAs, field of view 500 mm, pitch 15.0, and slice thickness of 2.0 mm.
Under free breathing, acquisition of PET emission data was completed using the following parameters: 3D mode with scan time of 2 min per bed position (for 6-8 bed positions), matrix size of 128×128, and Gaussian filter size of 5 mm. All the patients drank approximately 300 ml of water after the FDG injection for oral hydration and gastric dilatation. The subjects were instructed to evacuate their bladder just before the PET/CT imaging. No contrast media was used.

Toriihara A., Nakadate M., Nakamura S., Kubota K, & Tateishi U. (2017). Seventy FDG-PET/CT Cases in Which Nuclear Medicine Physicians Suspected Lymphoma: How Reliable Are We?. Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 5(2), 95-103.

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Standardized PET/CT Imaging Protocol

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All patients were intravenously administered ¹⁸F-FDG (3.7 MBq/kg; 0.1 mCi/kg) after at least a 4-h fasting period. Next, whole-body images were obtained routinely using 3 different PET/CT systems: 45 cases by Aquiduo (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan), 232 cases by Celesteion (Canon Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan), and 223 cases by Cartesion Prime (Canon Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan). In addition, CT was performed using the following parameters: pitch, 0.938; gantry rotation time, 0.5 s; table time, 30 mm/s; automatic exposure control (SD 20), 120 kV; and slice thickness, 2.0 mm. Notably, contrast materials were not used for CT examinations. After approximately 60 min of ¹⁸F-FDG administration, whole-body emission PET was performed using the following parameters: Aquiduo—emission time per bed, 2 min; bed positions, 7–8; slice thickness, 3.375 mm; and matrix, 128 × 128, Celesteion—emission time per bed, 2 min; bed positions, 9–10; slice thickness, 4.08 mm; and matrix, 144 × 144, and Cartesion Prime—emission time per bed, 90 sec; bed positions, 6–7; slice thickness, 2.00 mm; and matrix, 336 × 336. Both Celesteion and Cartesion Prime use the time-of-flight method that improves the signal-to-noise ratio of PET images and increases the standardized uptake value (SUV); however, Aquiduo does not use that method [2 (link)].

Takahashi K., Fujioka T., Oyama J., Mori M., Yamaga E., Yashima Y., Imokawa T., Hayashi A., Kujiraoka Y., Tsuchiya J., Oda G., Nakagawa T, & Tateishi U. (2022). Deep Learning Using Multiple Degrees of Maximum-Intensity Projection for PET/CT Image Classification in Breast Cancer. Tomography, 8(1), 131-141.

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Quantifying BAT Activation via FDG-PET/CT

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BAT activity was measured using FDG-PET/CT, using a previously reported method (2 (link)) after slight modifications. Briefly, after fasting for 10-12 h, participants wore light clothes (T-shirt and shorts) and remained in a room at 19^°C for 2 h. After 1 h, the participants received [¹⁸F]FDG (1.7 MBq/kg body weight) intravenously and remained in the same cold conditions for another hour. One hour after [¹⁸F]FDG administration, PET/CT was performed at 24^°C room temperature using a dedicated PET/CT system [Aquiduo (Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan), Biograph 16 (Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA), or Discovery PET/CT 600 (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA)]. Detectable [¹⁸F]FDG uptake into the supraclavicular BAT was assessed by visual judgment. In parallel, the [¹⁸F]FDG uptake was quantified as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUV_max).

Aita S., Matsushita M., Yoneshiro T., Hatano T., Kameya T., Ohkubo I, & Saito M. (2022). Brown fat-associated postprandial thermogenesis in humans: Different effects of isocaloric meals rich in carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1040444.

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FAZA PET-CT Imaging Protocol

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PET scanning was started 2 h after intravenous administration of FAZA (mean 374 ± 31 MBq). PET–CT scanning was performed using either an Aquiduo (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan) or Biograph 16 (Siemens). An ROI was drawn on the lesion, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) was measured. ROIs were also placed on the muscles at the back of the neck on both sides at the level of the hyoid bone, and the average SUV (SUV_mean) was obtained. The tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M) was then calculated by dividing the lesion SUV_max by the muscle SUV_mean.^{3 (link)}

Imaizumi A., Obata T., Kershaw J., Tachibana Y., Inubushi M., Koizumi M., Yoshikawa K., Zhang M.R., Tanimoto K., Harada R., Uno T, & Saga T. (2019). Imaging of Hypoxic Tumor: Correlation between Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging and 18F-fluoroazomycin Arabinoside Positron Emission Tomography in Head and Neck Carcinoma. Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 19(3), 276-281.

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Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activation

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After overnight fasting for ~12 h, subjects were exposed to cold by being kept in an air-conditioned room at 19°C with standardized light clothing (a patient gown), with intermittent placement of their feet on an ice block wrapped in cloth for ~4 min at 5-min intervals to avoid cooling-associated pain [13 (link)]. After 1 h under these cold conditions, each subject was intravenously injected with ¹⁸F-FDG (1.66–5.18 mega [106] Becquerel (MBq)/kg body weight) and kept under the same cold conditions. At 1 h after the ¹⁸F-FDG injection, ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT scans were obtained with a PET/CT system (Aquiduo; Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). BAT activity in both the right and left supraclavicular regions was quantified based on the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max), defined as the radioactivity per ml within the region of interest divided by the injected dose in mBq/g body weight. BAT was defined as tissue with Hounsfield units −300 to −10 on CT with an SUV ≥ 1.5. PET and CT images were co-registered and analyzed using VOXBASE workstation (J-MAC System, Sapporo, Japan).

Nirengi S., Wakabayashi H., Matsushita M., Domichi M., Suzuki S., Sukino S., Suganuma A., Kawaguchi Y., Hashimoto T., Saito M, & Sakane N. (2019). An optimal condition for the evaluation of human brown adipose tissue by infrared thermography. PLoS ONE, 14(8), e0220574.

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FDG-PET/CT Imaging Protocol for Lymph Node Assessment

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The patients fasted for at least 4 h before receiving an intravenous injection of 74-370 MBq of FDG and then relaxed for at least 1 h before FDG-PET/CT image acquisition using a Biograph Sensation 16 (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), Aquiduo (Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan) or Discovery ST (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK) integrated three-dimensional PET/CT scanners. Low-dose non-enhanced CT images of 2-4 mm section thickness were taken from the head to the pelvis of each patient. Variations in standardized uptake values (SUVs) among the institutions were minimized using an anthropomorphic body phantom (NEMA NU2-2001; Data Spectrum Corp, Hillsborough, NC, USA) (10, 17) . The original SUV max values were determined by radiologists from each institution for the purposes of this study. On FDG-PET/CT images, all lymph nodes in the thorax with FDG uptake no greater than the normal background activity of the mediastinal blood pool (SUV max < 1.5) regardless of size, were considered as cN0. A lymph node where the SUV max was ≥1.5 was considered 'suspected malignancy.' However, even lymph nodes with high FDG uptake were also considered benign when they had higher attenuation than mediastinal structures (great vessels) or benign central, nodular, diffuse or popcorn-like calcification (18) .

Mimae T., Miyata Y., Mimura T., Ito H., Nakayama H., Okumura S., Yoshimura M, & Okada M. (2015). Radiologic findings to predict low-grade malignant tumour among clinical T1bN0 lung adenocarcinomas: lessons from histological subtypes. Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 45(8).

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PET Imaging of [F-18]FDG Biodistribution

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Patients fasted for at least 4 h before the examination and were confirmed to have glucose level < 200 mg/dl before the administration of [F-18]FDG. A total of 3.7 MBq/kg of [F-18]FDG was administered intravenously 1 h before the scan. Whole-body images were acquired using Aquiduo (Toshiba Medical, Tokyo, Japan), consisting of a combination of a full-ring PET scanner with lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and a 16-row multiple-detector CT scanner. The CT parameters for attenuation correction were as follows: tube voltage of 120 kV, tube current of 150 mA, field of view of 500 mm, pitch of 15.0, and slice thickness of 2.0 mm. PET emission data were obtained in the 3D mode using the following parameters: 2 min in each bed position (for 16 to 18 min in total), matrix size of 256 × 256, and Gaussian filter size of 5 mm.

Tsuchiya J., Tezuka D., Maejima Y., Bae H., Oshima T., Yoneyama T., Hirao K., Isobe M, & Tateishi U. (2019). Takayasu arteritis: clinical importance of extra-vessel uptake on FDG PET/CT. European Journal of Hybrid Imaging, 3, 12.

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Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

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BAT activity was measured using FDG-PET/CT as reported previously [14 (link)]. Briefly, after fasting for 10–12 h, subjects wore light clothes (T-shirt and shorts) and remained in a room wherein the temperature was adjusted to 19 °C for 2 h. Intermittently, a towel-wrapped ice block was placed against the soles of their feet. After 1 h, ¹⁸F-FDG (1.66–5.18 MBq/kg body weight) was intravenously administered and the subjects remained in the same cold conditions for another hour. One hour after ¹⁸F-FDG administration, a PET/CT scan was performed at 24 °C using a dedicated PET/CT system (an Aquiduo [Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan], Biograph 16 [Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA], or Discovery PET/CT 600 [GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA]). Detectable FDG uptake into the supraclavicular BAT was assessed by visually judging. In parallel, the FDG uptake was semiquantitatively measured as the maximal standardized uptake value (SUV_max). The SUV_max threshold level between the detectable and undetectable was 2.00 [14 (link)].

Matsushita M., Nirengi S., Hibi M., Wakabayashi H., Lee S.I., Domichi M., Sakane N, & Saito M. (2021). Diurnal variations of brown fat thermogenesis and fat oxidation in humans. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 45(11), 2499-2505.

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FDG-PET Imaging for Preoperative CRC

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FDG-PET was performed as a routine preoperative examination for obstructing CRC. The patients kept fasting 5 hours before the examination and had blood sugar level under 150 mg/dL. Oral medication for diabetes mellitus and insulin injections were discontinued. Patients were injected with 4.5 MBq/kg (0.12 mCi/kg) of 18-fluodeoxy glucose (18-FDG), remained resting on the bed for 30 minutes, and FDG-PET scan started 50 minutes after injection using a PET/CT scanner (Aquiduo, Toshiba Medical System, Otawara, Japan). These images were synthesised with those from computed tomography (CT) to facilitate the interpretation.
An expert nuclear medicine physician re-read these images blindly at first time, detected the abnormal accumulation in the proximal colon and then, recorded its location, number of lesions, and SUV max. Long and short axes of the area with SUV >2.5 were measured to calculate the aspect ratio for further analysis.

Hojo D., Tanaka T., Takahashi M., Murono K., Emoto S., Kaneko M., Sasaki K., Otani K., Nishikawa T., Hata K., Kawai K., Momose T, & Nozawa H. (2018). Efficacy of 18-fluoro deoxy glucose-positron emission tomography computed tomography for the detection of colonic neoplasia proximal to obstructing colorectal cancer. Medicine, 97(31), e11655.

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Whole-Body PET/CT Imaging with 18F-FDG

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All patients were intravenously administered ¹⁸F-FDG (3.7 MBq/kg; 0.1 mCi/kg) after a minimum 4-h fasting period. Next, whole-body images were routinely obtained using a PET/CT system (Aquiduo; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, CT was performed using the following parameters: pitch factor, 0.938; gantry rotation time, 0.5 s; table time, 30 mm/s; auto-exposure control (SD20), 120 kVp; and slice thickness, 2.0 mm. Notably, contrast media were not used for CT examinations. Approximately 60 min after ¹⁸F-FDG administration, whole-body PET was performed using the following parameters: emission time per bed, 2 min; bed positions, 7-8; slice thickness, 3.375 mm; and matrix, 128 × 128.

Oda G., Nakagawa T., Mori H., Onishi I., Fujioka T., Mori M., Kubota K., Hanazawa R., Hirakawa A., Ishikawa T., Okamoto K, & Uetakesszsz H. (2022). Factors predicting upstaging from clinical N0 to pN2a/N3a in breast cancer patients. World Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(9), 748-757.

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