ABR testing was used to evaluate hearing sensitivity at ∼P30. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.375 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injections and placed on a warming pad inside a sound booth (ETS-Lindgren Acoustic Systems, Cedar Park, TX). The animal’s temperature was maintained using a closed feedback loop and monitored using a rectal probe (TC-1000; CWE Incorporated, Ardmore, PA). Sub-dermal needle electrodes were inserted at the vertex (+) and test-ear mastoid (−) with a ground electrode under the contralateral ear. Stimulus generation and ABR recordings were completed using Tucker-Davis Technologies hardware (RZ6 Multi I/O Processor, Tucker-Davis Technologies, Gainesville, FL) and software (BioSigRx, v.5.1). ABR thresholds were measured at 4, 8, 16, and 32 kHz using 3-ms, Blackman-gated tone pips presented at 29.9/s with alternating stimulus polarity. At each stimulus level, 512 to 1,024 responses were averaged. Thresholds were determined by visual inspection of the waveforms and were defined as the lowest stimulus level at which any wave could be reliably detected. A minimum of two waveforms were obtained at the threshold level to ensure repeatability of the response. Physiological results were analyzed for individual frequencies, and then averaged for each of these frequencies from 4 to 32 kHz.
Rz6 multi 1 o processor
Manufactured by Tucker-Davis Technologies
Sourced in United States
The RZ6 multi-I/O processor is a laboratory equipment product from Tucker-Davis Technologies. It is a versatile hardware platform designed for real-time signal processing and data acquisition applications. The core function of the RZ6 is to provide a flexible and high-performance interface for connecting and managing various input/output devices in a research or experimental setup.
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Lab products found in correlation
Ra4pa medusa preamp, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (2 mentions)
Rz2 bioamp processor, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (2 mentions)
Intan c3314 32 channel headstage amplifiers, by Intan Technologies (2 mentions)
Pz5 neurodigitizer, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (2 mentions)
5113 pre amplifier, by Ametek (2 mentions)
Custom matlab software, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Sa1 stereo power amp, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (1 mentions)
Biosig software, by Tucker-Davis Technologies (1 mentions)
Er 4pt, by Etymotic Research (1 mentions)
Dexmedetomidine, by Zoetis (1 mentions)
25 protocols using rz6 multi 1 o processor
1
Auditory Brainstem Response Protocol
2
Auditory Brainstem Response Measurement
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Mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine (100 and 10 mg/kg, respectively). Auditory brainstem responses were recorded in response to 5 ms tone bursts (0.5 ms rise/fall time) presented at frequencies of 4, 12.5, 20, 30, and 40 kHz with the sound level ranged from 80 to 10 dB SPL in 10 dB steps using an RZ6 multiI/O processor (Tucker-Davis Technologies). Tone bursts were delivered at the rate of 50/s through a speaker (LCY K-100 Ribbon Tweeter, Madisound), which was placed 10 cm in front of the animal’s head. ABR thresholds were measured before, directly following, and 1 month after sound exposure (Figure 1A ). Stainlesssteel electrodes (disposable subdermal needle electrode, LifeSync Neuro) were placed subdermally at the vertex (active), the ipsilateral and contralateral mastoids (references), and at the base of animal’s tail (ground). The evoked potentials were amplified (RA4PA MEDUSA Preamp, Tucker-Davis Technologies), filtered (100–3,000 Hz bandpass), and averaged across 300 repetitions. Thresholds were determined by visual examination of the averaged ABR waveforms in response to each frequency and sound level combination.
3
Auditory Brainstem Response Evaluation
4
Auditory Function Assessment in Mice
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After being successfully narcotized, the mice were put into a sound booth. The collecting electrode, reference electrode, and grounding electrode were severally inserted into the apex of the head, mastoid area, and the midline of the back of the mouse. Then, the external speaker was moved to the auricle of the mouse. Each mouse was subjected to pure tone detection in turn, and the pure tones were selected at 4 kHz, 8 kHz, 16 kHz, and 32 kHz, and the audiometry results were recorded by RZ6 MULTI-I/O PROCESSOR (Tucker Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL, USA) for statistical analysis.
5
Single-Unit Extracellular Recording Techniques
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We recorded single-unit responses utilizing glass electrodes filled with 1 M NaCl (∼7–10 MΩ). The electrodes were maneuvered by a single-axis micromanipulator (Scientifica). Extracellular APs were recorded with a patch-clamp amplifier (EPC10; HEKA) and converted by a RZ-6 Multi I/O Processor (Tucker-Davis Technologies). Residual line noise was removed with a noise eliminator (Humbug, Quest Scientific). AP isolation (signal-to-noise ratio > 3) was performed online by visual choice (AP amplitude) and offline by spike cluster analysis based on stable peak amplitudes and spike waveforms (Brainware, Jan Schnupp, TDT).
6
Acoustic Startle Response in Mice
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Mice were transported in their home cages to the behavior testing room approximately 30 min before testing. Each animal was handled for at least 5 min before being placed inside a wire mesh cage (9.53 × 3.81 × 4.13 cm), which allowed free movement during testing while maintaining the animal over the center of the cage. Once secured inside the wire mesh cages, animals were placed on top of a platform interfaced to piezoelectric transducers located inside one of eight identical sound attenuated chambers (40.6 × 40.6 × 40.6 cm). Prior to the presentation of the acoustic stimuli, animals were allowed 5 min to acclimate to the testing context.
Acoustic stimuli were presented through Fostex model FT17H speakers (Fostex Company, Tokyo, Japan) located 30 cm directly above the transducer platform and controlled with a RZ6 multi-I/O processor from Tucker-Davis Technologies (TDT, Alachua, FL, United States) and custom MATLAB software (The MathWorks, Inc., Matick, MA, United States). All signals were calibrated prior to testing with a 1/4” microphone placed at the level of the animal’s pinna in the sound chamber and led to a Larsen Davis preamplifier, model 2221 (PCB Piezotronics, Inc., Depew, NY, United States). Transducer responses to movement (in millivolts) were recorded for 125 ms prior and 375 ms following the startle stimulus.
Acoustic stimuli were presented through Fostex model FT17H speakers (Fostex Company, Tokyo, Japan) located 30 cm directly above the transducer platform and controlled with a RZ6 multi-I/O processor from Tucker-Davis Technologies (TDT, Alachua, FL, United States) and custom MATLAB software (The MathWorks, Inc., Matick, MA, United States). All signals were calibrated prior to testing with a 1/4” microphone placed at the level of the animal’s pinna in the sound chamber and led to a Larsen Davis preamplifier, model 2221 (PCB Piezotronics, Inc., Depew, NY, United States). Transducer responses to movement (in millivolts) were recorded for 125 ms prior and 375 ms following the startle stimulus.
7
Measuring Auditory Brainstem Responses to Noise
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Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were measured before and after (24 and 48 hours) noise exposure. During ABR measurements, animals (n = 6) were anesthetized (75 mg/kg ketamine, 8 mg/kg xylazine, im) and placed in a sound attenuating booth. Subdermal reference electrodes were inserted below the ipsilateral pinna, active electrodes were placed on top of the head, and ground electrodes were placed below the contralateral pinna. A multi-field magnetic speaker (MF1,Tucker-Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL) was placed into the external ear canal of the test ear and 5 millisecond tone bursts were played during each of 1024 trials for each of five frequencies corresponding to function in the apex (4 and 12 kHz), middle (20 and 25 kHz), and base (36 kHz) of the cochlea. Sound was generated and the resulting evoked potentials were recorded, amplified, and filtered using software and hardware from Tucker-Davis Technologies (BioSigRZ version 5.7.0/2014, RZ6 Multi I/O Processor, SA1 Stereo Power Amp, RP2.1 Enhanced Real-Time Processor, RA4PA Medusa PreAmps, RA4LI Headstages, Tucker-Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL).
8
Acoustic Stimulation Protocol for ICc Neurons
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A 20 ms-long pure tone burst (5 ms for both rise- and fall-times) was used for acoustic stimulation. Tone bursts were digitally generated and converted to analog signals by an RZ6 MULTI I/O processor (Tucker-Davis Technologies, Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA). The analog signals were sent to a digital attenuator and then to a loudspeaker (MF1, Tucker-Davis Technologies., Gainesville, FL, USA) positioned at 45° and 15 cm away from the right ear of the mouse. The speaker output (tone amplitude) was calibrated at the same position using a condenser microphone (Model 2520, Larson-Davis Laboratories, USA) and a microphone preamplifier (Model 2200C, Larson-Davis Laboratories, USA). The tone amplitude was expressed as dB SPL (re. 20 μPa). Frequencies and amplitudes of tone bursts were changed manually or digitally via BrainWare data acquisition software (Tucker-Davis Technologies, Inc., Gainesville, FL, USA). A frequency-amplitude scan (FA-scan) was used to sample the receptive field (frequency tuning curve) of a recorded neuron. The frequency varied from 3 to 40 kHz with 1 kHz increments and the amplitude from 5 to 85 dB SPL with 5 dB increments. To sample a reliable frequency tuning curve of a single ICc neuron, the FA-scan was repeated three times and the frequency/amplitude of tone for each FA-scan was randomly altered using BrainWare software.
9
Assessing Auditory Function in Rodents
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We induced deep anaesthesia using a mix of ketamine (50 mg/kg, i.m.; Imalgene) and dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg/kg, i.m.; Sedadex). We then recorded auditory brainstem responses (ABR test; Fig. 1e ) using subcutaneous electrodes to ensure that the experimental animals had normal hearing in both ears. Following standard procedures as previously done in our lab21 (link), and elsewhere44 (link). ABR stimuli consisted of 100 µs clicks at a 21/s rate, delivered monaurally in 10 dB steps, from 10 to 90 decibels of sound pressure level (dB SPL), using a closed-field speaker.
ABR responses were collected using a RX6 multifunction Processor (RZ6 Multi I/O Processor; Tucker-Davis Technologies, TDT) and processed with BioSig software (Tucker-Davis Technologies). An anaesthetic reversal agent (1 mg/kg, i.p.; Atipamezol) was given after ABR tests to recover animals. Thereafter, animals were kept in their cage with freely available food and water for at least 3 days prior to behavioural experiments.
ABR responses were collected using a RX6 multifunction Processor (RZ6 Multi I/O Processor; Tucker-Davis Technologies, TDT) and processed with BioSig software (Tucker-Davis Technologies). An anaesthetic reversal agent (1 mg/kg, i.p.; Atipamezol) was given after ABR tests to recover animals. Thereafter, animals were kept in their cage with freely available food and water for at least 3 days prior to behavioural experiments.
10
Binaural Auditory Neurophysiology Protocol
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Frequency responses were calibrated for the headphones. Acoustic stimuli were generated digitally, converted to an analog signal at ∼200 kHz sampling rate (RZ-6 Multi I/O Processor, Tucker-Davis Technologies), attenuated and conveyed to the headphones (ER4-PT, Etymotic Research). The standard search stimulus presented to the contralateral ear was a broadband stimulus (white noise bursts) with a duration of 200 ms and squared-cosine rise/fall times of 5 ms. The same stimulus with a duration of 20 ms was presented on the ipsilateral ear after the first 100 ms. The inter-stimulus interval for each repetition was 900 ms. For all recordings, stimulus presentation was pseudo-randomized. Acoustically evoked responses were searched for by administering binaurally delivered noise stimuli without interaural time and intensity differences. A neuron’s best frequency (BF) and threshold were determined by means of binaurally identical (interaural intensity difference/interaural time difference = 0) sinus tone stimulation. BF was defined as the frequency that elicited responses at the lowest sound intensity. Threshold was assigned to the lowest sound intensity evoking a noticeable response at BF. All stimuli applied in the course of our experiments were based upon these characteristics.
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