Chrome azurol s

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Switzerland, United States

Chrome azurol S is a chromogenic indicator used in laboratory settings. It is a water-soluble organic compound that changes color in response to various chemical reactions, allowing for detection and quantification of certain analytes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Pyrocatechol violet, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hepes buffer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Copper 2 sulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

4 protocols using chrome azurol s

Siderophore Detection on Chrome Azurol S Agar

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Siderophore secretion by the strains was detected using blue agar plates containing the dye Chrome azurol S (Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland). Orange to yellow halos around the bacterial colonies indicated siderophore production [19 (link)].

Ben Slama H., Triki M.A., Chenari Bouket A., Ben Mefteh F., Alenezi F.N., Luptakova L., Cherif-Silini H., Vallat A., Oszako T., Gharsallah N, & Belbahri L. (2019). Screening of the High-Rhizosphere Competent Limoniastrum monopetalum’ Culturable Endophyte Microbiota Allows the Recovery of Multifaceted and Versatile Biocontrol Agents. Microorganisms, 7(8), 249.

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Spectrophotometric Metal Detection Protocol

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The indicators Chrome Azurol S (CAS) (purity 65%), Bromopyrogagllol Red (BPR), and Pyrocatechol Violet (PCV) (purity 100%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). Nickel chloride hexahydrate (purity 99.7%), copper (II) sulfate (purity 99.2%), and HEPES buffer were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH). Solid phase peptide synthesis reagents were purchased from P3 BioSystems (Louisville, KY). Peptides were synthesized using standard solid-phase peptide synthesis and a CEM Liberty Blue Automated Microwave Synthesizer (Matthews, NC, USA). Absorbance values were recorded using a Spectra Max Plus 384 plate reader (Molecular Device Inc.).

Crook A.A., Zamora-Olivares D., Bhinderwala F., Woods J., Winkler M., Rivera S., Shannon C.E., Wagner H.R., Zhuang D.L., Lynch J.E., Berryhill N.R., Runnebaum R.C., Anslyn E, & Powers R. (2021). Combination of Two Analytical Techniques Improves Wine Classification by Vineyard, Region, and Vintage. Food chemistry, 354, 129531.

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Biochemical Characterization of Trichoderma Antifungal

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The biochemical characterization of Trichoderma spp. antifungal activity included the determination of cell wall-degrading enzymes and the production of siderophores. A semiquantitative determination of cell-wall degrading enzymes (lipase, esterase-lipase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and β-glucosidase) was performed using an API ZYM kit according to the manufacturer's protocol (BioMereux, Craponne, France). The presence of cellulase was determined using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar method in three repetitions [30] (link). Siderophore production was detected on the Chrome azurol S (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) agar medium in three repetitions [31] (link). The Chrome azurol S (CAS) agar plates were inoculated with 5-mm-diameter mycelia discs of three Trichoderma isolates and incubated at 28 • C for 72 h. The appearance of yellow-orange halo zones around colonies was considered as a positive result.

Karličić V., Zlatković M., Jovičić‐Petrović J., Nikolić M.P., Orlović S., & Raičević V. (2021). Trichoderma spp. from Pine Bark and Pine Bark Extracts: Potent Biocontrol Agents against Botryosphaeriaceae. Forests, 12(12), 1731-1731.

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Siderophores Production Optimization

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Bacterial strains and media preparation P. aeruginosa UPMP3 and B. cepacia UPMB3 (10 8 cfu/mL) were cultured in nutrient agar or King's B agar medium and incubated at 28 ± 2°C for 24 hours. To detect and optimize siderophores production, both the bacterial strains were cultured in three different culture media i.e. Chrome Azurol S (CAS, Sigma Aldrich), Nutrient agar combined with CAS (NA + CAS) and King's B agar combined with CAS (KB + CAS) medium.

Parvin W., Rahman M., & Wong M. (2021). Extraction, Partial Purification and Detection of Antimicrobial Metabolites Produced by the Rhizobacterial Strain UPMP3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and UPMB3 of Burkholderia cepacia and their Antagonistic Activity against Ganoderma boninense In vitro. Acta Scientific Agriculture, 5(9), 17-29.

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