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4 protocols using tsa plus dig kit

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Liver Markers

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The livers were fixed in phosphate-buffered 10% formalin for 24 h, and paraffin sections were then prepared. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out with the EnVision/HRP system (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) on deparaffinized sections treated with Target Retrieval Solution (Dako). The antibodies used were as follows: anti-insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) (ab9574; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-α-fetoprotein (AFP) (14550-1-AP, for mouse tissues; Proteintech Group, Chicago, IL, USA), anti-AFP (A0008, for human tissues; Dako), and anti-trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) (Abbiotec, San Diego, CA, USA). 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) was used for signal detection. For the detection of the TFF3 peptide, we applied signal amplification using the TSA Plus DIG Kit (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). In situ hybridization for non-coding H19 mRNA was carried out on deparaffinized sections using the mouse H19 QuantiGene ViewRNA Probe Set (VB6-16706; Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and the QuantiGene ViewRNA ISH Tissue Assay Kit (Affymetrix).
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2

Dual FISH Assay for Prss56 and Tshb in Rat Brain

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Dual FISH was performed on sections from three adult rats, by mixing the digoxigenin-labeled Prss56 and fluorescein-labeled Tshb probes. Following hybridization, sections were first incubated in the peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-digoxigenin antibody, and the signal was amplified using the TSA Plus DIG Kit (Cat# NEL748E001KT, Perkin Elmer) for 30 min, applying the DIG amplification reagent at 1:500 dilution in 0.05M Tris (pH 7.6) containing 0.01% H2O2. Sections were then incubated in a rabbit monoclonal antibody against digoxigenin (Thermo Fisher, Cat# 700772, RRID:AB_2532342; at 1 μg/ml concentration) for 3h, in the presence of 2% sodium azide to inactivate peroxidase activity. Sections were thoroughly washed in PBS, and incubated overnight in peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-fluorescein antibody (Roche, Cat# 11426346910, RRID:AB_840257; diluted 1:100 in 1% blocking reagent). Signal amplification was applied using the TSA Plus Biotin Kit as described above, and the signals were detected with the cocktail of Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated Streptavidin and Alexa 594-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson; 1:200). The red and green fluorescence of Alexa 594 and Alexa 488, respectively, were swapped in the images to keep the green color consistent for Prss56.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Liver Tissue

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The livers were fixed in phosphate-buffered 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, dehydrated, cleared and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the EnVision/HRP system (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA) on deparaffinized sections treated with Target Retrieval Solution (DAKO). The antibodies used were as follows: anti-GFP (A-11122, ThermoFisher Scientific), anti-p-AKT (#3787, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p-ERK1/2 (#4370, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Myc (Abcam 32072, Cambridge, UK), anti-Ki-67 (Nichirei, Tokyo, Japan), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (#9661, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-hemagglutinin (HA) (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), anti-p16 (M-156) (sc-1207, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and p21 (F-5) (sc-6246, Santa Cruz). The chromogen 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and HistoGreen (LINARIS Biologische Produkte, Dossenheim, Germany) were used for signal detection. For the detection of Myc in some experiments, TSA was performed using the TSA Plus DIG Kit (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Morphometric analyses were performed using ImageJ software. Frozen sections were stained with Sudan III.
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4

Spatial Gene Expression Analysis in Embryos

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Embryos for whole‐mount in situ hybridisation and fluorescent in situ hybridisation in sections (FISH) were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)/phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at 4°C for 12 h. Digoxigenin (DIG)‐labelled RNA probes were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions (Roche). Whole‐mount in situ hybridisation was performed as previously described (Tonegawa et al, 1997). In FISH, 10‐μm‐thick frozen sections were prepared with cryostat (LEICA CM3050S). FISH protocol was described previously (Sato et al, 2008), with additional processes in order to amplify fluorescent signal. Additional processes are as follows. After the reaction between DIG‐labelled RNA and anti‐DIG antibody‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP; Roche), sections were washed 3 times by TNT buffer (100 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween‐20) and were treated with DIG amplification working solution in TSA plus DIG Kit (PerkinElmer) for 5 min at room temperature (RT) in accordance with manufacturer's instructions (PerkinElmer). After three times wash by TNT, samples were treated by anti‐DIG antibody‐conjugated HRP at 4°C for 12 h again. Images were processed by FIJI (https://fiji.sc), and Fgf8 expression area on limb bud regions was measured by the “Measure” command.
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