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7 protocols using pronase e from streptomyces griseus

1

Purification and Characterization of Human Serum Proteins

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Immunoglobulin G and M, transferrin, haptoglobin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, complement C3, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein purified from human serum were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Immunoglobulin A purified from human plasma was purchased from CalBiochem (La Jolla, CA). Anti-human-IgA (α-chain specific)-agarose and anti-human-IgM (μ-chain specific)-agarose used for protein enrichment were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sequencing grade modified trypsin and dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus and iodoacetamide (IAA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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2

Protease-Mediated Analysis of Amyloid Fibrils

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Proteinase K: a 180 µl aliquot from a stock solution of seeded or unseeded in vitro fibrils or of ex vivo fibrils (0.2 mg/ml each) was mixed with 20 µl 200 mM Tris buffer, pH 8.0, containing 1.4 M NaCl, 20 mM CaCl2 and 0.4 µl Proteinase K (20 mg/ml, Fermentas). The mixture was incubated at 37 °C and 20 µl aliquots were taken after 0, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min. Proteinase K activity was stopped by adding 0.5 µL of 200 mM PMSF solution that was dissolved in methanol. After 10 min of incubation the samples was frozen in liquid nitrogen until they were analyzed. The proteolytic digestion products were analyzed using denaturing protein gel electrophoresis.
Pronase E: a 90 µl aliquot from a stock solution of seeded and unseeded in vitro fibrils (0.2 mg/ml each) was mixed with 5 µl 2 M Tris buffer, pH 7.5 and 5 µl pronase E from Streptomyces griseus (0.8 mg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich). The samples were incubated at 37 °C and 15 µl aliquots were taken after 0, 10, 30, 60 and 120 min. The pronase E activity was stopped by adding 2.25 µl cOmplete EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche) that was prepared by dissolving 1 tablet in 7 ml Millipore water. After 10 min of incubation at room temperature, the samples were plunge frozen in liquid nitrogen until they were analyzed using denaturing protein gel electrophoresis.
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3

Pronase E Digestion Kinetics of Peptides

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Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus (EC 232–909-5) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. This mixture of enzymes was dissolved in 1X PBS buffer (10 mM sodium phosphate, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl buffer, pH 7.4) at a concentration of 0.881 mg/mL. Then, solutions of each peptide (1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, and 3c) in 1X PBS buffer (0.50 mM, 0.5 mL) at 38 °C were treated with an aliquot (200 μL) of the Pronase E solution. Aliquots (50 μL) were removed after 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. The aliquots were quenched with glacial acetic acid (20 μL), diluted to 75 μL with 1X PBS buffer, and analyzed by HPLC (Phenomenex Jupiter C18, 5 μm particle size, 300 Å pore size, 4.6 ´ 250 mm, 75 μL injection volume, 40%– 90% CH3CN in H2O gradient over 30 min, then 95% CH3CN in H2O for 10 min, flow rate: 1 mL/min).
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4

Aflatoxin B1 Detection Protocol

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AFB1 standard, RBBR, coumarin, sodium periodate, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from J.T. Baker (Avantor Performance Materials, Inc., Center Valley, PA, USA). Ethyl acetate was purchased from Daejung Chemicals and Metals Co. (Gyeonggi-do, Korea).
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5

Melanoidins Isolation and Fractionation

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The melanoidins were isolated from the macromolecular fractions obtained after dialysis following the protocol of Morales and van Boekel [11 (link)], but including enzymatic hydrolysis in the process. In a typical run, the I and S fractions were suspended in 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (20 mg/mL) and treated with 1% Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus (4 UI/mg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) at 37 °C for 24 h with magnetic agitation, and then centrifuged at 4,500 rpm for 30 min at 4 °C. The supernatants obtained from the treatment of the I and S fractions were separated and labeled IHS and SH, respectively, and fractionated by SEC-HPLC on a Biogel P2 column irrigated with aqueous acetic acid (0.2% v/v). This process was repeated thrice.
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6

Enzymatic Extraction of Macromolecular Fractions

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The I and S macromolecular fractions were suspended in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 to a final concentration of 20 mg/mL and treated with 40 UI/mL of Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus (4 UI/mg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) at 37°C for 24 h with magnetic stirring, and then centrifuged at 4,500 rpm for 30 min at 4°C. The supernatants obtained from the treatment of the I and S fractions were separated by centrifugation, freeze-dried, and labeled IHS and SH, respectively (Figure 1) (14 (link)).
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7

Protease Treatment of Infected Cells

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Infected mid- and late-state IEs (24–36 hours post invasion) were washed twice in PBS and incubated at 5% hematocrit with 1 mg/mL Pronase E from Streptomyces griseus (Sigma) in PBS supplemented with 1 mM CaCl2 and 1 mM MgCl2 for 30 min at 37 °C or 1 μg/mL of porcine-modified trypsin (Sigma) in PBS for 30 min at 37 °C. After extensive washing with AB buffer supplemented with complete Proteinase Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), the treated cells were used for aptamer-binding assays.
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