Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols

410 differential refractometer

Manufactured by Waters Corporation
Visit Supplier
Sourced in France

The Waters 410 Differential Refractometer is a laboratory instrument used for the detection and measurement of refractive index differences. It provides precise and reliable data for a variety of applications, including polymer characterization, food analysis, and material science research.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Plgel columns, by Agilent Technologies (3 mentions) Dawn eos multi angle laser light scattering detector, by Waters Corporation (3 mentions) 2695 separation module, by Waters Corporation (3 mentions) Fast acid analysis column, by Bio-Rad (3 mentions) Hpx 87h column, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Isochrom lc pump, by Spectra-Physics (1 mentions) 0.45 μm pore size membrane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dawn dsp, by Wyatt Technology (1 mentions) Polytetrafluoroethylene membrane syringe filters, by Avantor (1 mentions) Api 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hpx 87h column, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Gf b filter, by Cytiva (1 mentions) 717 plus autosampler, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) 515 hplc pump, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)

13 protocols using 410 differential refractometer

1

Determining Polymer Molecular Weights

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Example 9

MALLS, i.e. Multi-angle Laser Light Scattering, was used in conjunction with GPC to determine the molecular weights and polydispersity of the polymers. The system used a Wyatt DAWN EOS multi-angle laser light scattering detector (k=690 nm) with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI) (k=930 nm) connected in series. Chromatographic separation by the size exclusion principle (largest comes out first) was achieved by using four Agilent PLgel columns (pore sizes 103, 104, 105, and 106 Å) connected in series. Degassed THF was used as the mobile phase with a temperature of 35° C. and a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The time for complete elution through the system was 50 min, and MALLS and RI data were recorded at 5 Hz.

Samples were prepared by dissolving 5 mg of polymer in 1 ml of THF and filtering the solution through 0.45 μm PTFE membrane syringe filters immediately before injection. An injection volume of 20 μl was used. The data were analyzed by Wyatt Astra Software (version 5.3.4) using the Zimm fitting formula with dn/dc=0.125 for PCOD in THF to obtain weight-average molecular weight (Mw) for each polymer reported.

US10427995B2. Molecular sieves mediated unsaturated hydrocarbon separation and related compositions, materials, methods and systems (2019-10-01). CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY [US]. Inventors: Julia A. Kornfield [US], Mark E. Davis [US], Ming-Hsin Wei [US], Simon C. Jones [US].
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
2

Extracellular Metabolite Quantification

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
At indicated time points, 1.1 mL of cell suspension was sampled and centrifuged at 18,000 g for 1 min. The supernatant was sterilized by using 0.2 µm filter. 1mL of filtered supernatant was analyzed by a HPLC (Waters 2695 separation module coupled to Waters 410 differential refractometer) to measure concentration of extracellular glucose, xylose, acetate and ethanol. Bio-rad HPX-87H column was used and 14 mM sulfuric acid was used as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.
Zhou K., Qiao K., Edgar S, & Stephanopoulos G. (2015). Distributing a metabolic pathway among a microbial consortium enhances production of natural products. Nature biotechnology, 33(4), 377-383.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
3

Chitosan Molecular Weight Determination

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
The chitosan molecular weight was determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) [43 (link)]. Chitosan solution at 0.1% (w/v) was prepared in an acetic acid/ammonium acetate buffer pH =4.5 (AcOH (0.2 M)/AcONH4 (0.15 M)), which was used as eluent. Before SEC measurements, the solution was filtered through 0.45 μm pore size membranes (Millipore). The chromatographic equipment was composed of an IsoChrom LC pump (Spectra-Physics, Charbonnières les Bains, France) connected to a Protein Pack 200 SW column (WATERS, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France) and a TSK gel G6000 PWXL column (Merck, Saint-Quentin-Fallavier France). A Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) detector DAWN DSP (Wyatt Technology, Toulouse France) operating at 632.8 nm was coupled on line to a 410 differential refractometer from WATERS (Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France).
Bentley F.E., Passieux R., David L, & Osorio-Madrazo A. (2022). Pure Chitosan Biomedical Textile Fibers from Mixtures of Low- and High-Molecular Weight Bidisperse Polymer Solutions: Processing and Understanding of Microstructure–Mechanical Properties’ Relationship. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(9), 4767.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
4

Glycerol and Metabolite Quantification

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Glycerol concentration was monitored by HPLC analysis. Coculture samples were centrifuged at 12,000g for 2 min to collect cell-free broth, which was then filtered through 0.2-μm-pore-size polytetrafluoroethylene membrane syringe filters (VWR International) before subjected to HPLC analysis. The HPLC system consisted of a Bio-rad HPX-87H column, a Waters 2695 separation module and a Waters 410 differential refractometer. Isocratic elution was conducted using 14 mM sulfuric acid as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.
The concentration of MA product and the pathway intermediates were determined by LC/MS/MS analysis. Cell-free broth was collected by 12,000g centrifugation for 5 min followed by filtration through 0.2-μm-pore-size polytetrafluoroethylene membrane syringe filters (VWR International). 10 μL 1 g/L p-coumaric acid internal standard was added into 1 mL of the filtered broth. 10 μL of the mixed solution was then injected into an Applied Biosystems API2000 LC/MS/MS running on a previously established method [20 (link)].
Zhang H., Li Z., Pereira B, & Stephanopoulos G. (2015). Engineering E. coli–E. coli cocultures for production of muconic acid from glycerol. Microbial Cell Factories, 14, 134.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
5

Extracellular Metabolite Quantification

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
At indicated time points, 1.1 mL of cell suspension was sampled and centrifuged at 18,000 g for 1 min. The supernatant was sterilized by using 0.2 µm filter. 1mL of filtered supernatant was analyzed by a HPLC (Waters 2695 separation module coupled to Waters 410 differential refractometer) to measure concentration of extracellular glucose, xylose, acetate and ethanol. Bio-rad HPX-87H column was used and 14 mM sulfuric acid was used as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.
Zhou K., Qiao K., Edgar S, & Stephanopoulos G. (2015). Distributing a metabolic pathway among a microbial consortium enhances production of natural products. Nature biotechnology, 33(4), 377-383.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
6

HPLC Analysis of Sugar and Sugar Acids in CPW

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
The concentrations of sugars and sugar acids were determined by HPLC, using a fast acid analysis column (100 by 7.8 mm, Bio-Rad laboratories, Hercules, CA) linked to an Animex HPX-87H organic acid analysis column (300 by 7.8 mm, Bio-Rad Laboratories), with 5 mM H2SO4 as the eluent and a flow rate of 0.5 ml min−1. The column was maintained at 55°C. Peaks were detected with a Waters 410 differential refractometer.
All the sugar and sugar acid contents, the product yields and production rates were calculated on the basis of the DM of CPW used. Margins of error are presented as standard errors of the means (SEM). All the statistical tests were carried out using Student’s t-test. In the Table 1, the “product yield” is calculated from the highest L-galactonic acid concentration during the fermentation (Figures 2A and 3A). The “product yield of theoretical maximum” represents the ratio of the highest L-galactonic acid content (in the fermentation) to the D-galacturonic acid content in the CPW (determined as described above).
Kuivanen J., Dantas H., Mojzita D., Mallmann E., Biz A., Krieger N., Mitchell D, & Richard P. (2014). Conversion of orange peel to L-galactonic acid in a consolidated process using engineered strains of Aspergillus niger. AMB Express, 4, 33.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
7

Molecular Weight Characterization of Polymers

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Example 9

MALLS, i.e. Multi-angle Laser Light Scattering, was used in conjunction with GPC to determine the molecular weights and polydispersity of the polymers. The system used a Wyatt DAWN EOS multi-angle laser light scattering detector (λ=690 nm) with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (RI) (λ=930 nm) connected in series. Chromatographic separation by the size exclusion principle (largest comes out first) was achieved by using four Agilent PLgel columns (pore sizes 103, 104, 105, and 106 Å) connected in series. Degassed THF was used as the mobile phase with a temperature of 35° C. and a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min. The time for complete elution through the system was 50 min, and MALLS and RI data were recorded at 5 Hz.

Samples were prepared by dissolving 5 mg of polymer in 1 ml of THF and filtering the solution through 0.45 m PTFE membrane syringe filters immediately before injection. An injection volume of 20 μl was used. The data were analyzed by Wyatt Astra Software (version 5.3.4) using the Zimm fitting formula with dn/dc=0.125 for PCOD in THF to obtain weight-average molecular weight (Mw) for each polymer reported.

US10781150B2. Molecular sieves mediated unsaturated hydrcarbon separation and related compositions, materials, methods and systems (2020-09-22). CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY [US]. Inventors: Julia A. Kornfield [US], Mark E. Davis [US], Ming-Hsin Wei [US], Simon C. Jones [US].
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
8

Quantitative Mycelia Analysis by HPLC

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
For quantitative analytic determinations, Mycelia were collected by filtration through Whatman GF/B filters under vacuum and washed twice with an equal or greater volume of reverse osmosis purified H2O. Alternatively, mycelia were collected by centrifugation at 13,000× g in 2 mL microcentrifuge tubes and washed twice with an equal volume of reverse osmosis H2O. Mycelia were dried at 105 °C to a constant weight. Glucose concentrations were determined by HPLC using a Fast Acid Analysis Column (100 mm × 7.8 mm, BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) linked to an Aminex HPX-87H organic acid analysis column (300 mm × 7.8 mm, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) with 5 mM H2SO4 as eluent and a flow rate of either 0.3 or 0.5 mL min−1. The column was maintained at 55 °C. Peaks were detected using a Waters 410 differential refractometer and a Waters 2487 dual wavelength UV (210 nm) detector.
Nechooshtan R., Ehrlich S., Vitikainen M., Makovitzki A., Dor E., Marcus H., Hefetz I., Pitel S., Wiebe M., Huuskonen A., Cherry L., Lupu E., Sapir Y., Holtzman T., Aftalion M., Gur D., Tamir H., Yahalom-Ronen Y., Ramot Y., Kronfeld N., Zarling D., Vallerga A., Tchelet R., Nyska A., Saloheimo M., Emalfarb M, & Ophir Y. (2022). Thermophilic Filamentous Fungus C1-Cell-Cloned SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD-Subunit-Vaccine Adjuvanted with Aldydrogel®85 Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against Lethal Virus Challenge. Vaccines, 10(12), 2119.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
9

Biomass Composition and Sugar Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
The analysis of the dry matter content, the biomass composition and the content of mono- and oligomeric sugars in the pretreatment liquor and of monomeric sugars in the enzymatic hydrolysis liquor were done according to the laboratory analysis methods from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [34 –38 ]. A Waters 2695 separation module equipped with a Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87H column with pre-column and a Waters 410 differential refractometer were used for the analysis of sugars, ethanol, and inhibitors. The column was operated at 60 °C with a flow of 0.6 ml/min 0.005 M sulfuric acid. All biomass and pretreatment liquor analyses were performed in triplicate and duplicate, respectively. Mean values with single standard deviations are reported in this work.
Seidel C.M., Brethauer S., Gyenge L., Rudolf von Rohr P, & Studer M.H. (2019). Two-stage steam explosion pretreatment of softwood with 2-naphthol as carbocation scavenger. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 12, 37.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand
10

Polymer Degradation Kinetics Analysis

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Poly(DTD DD) was held at 140, 150, and 160 °C in a Melt Indexer (Extrusion Plastomer Model MP200, Tinius Olsen, Horsham, PA). At 0,1,2, 4, and 6 hours, at least 100 mg poly(DTD DD) was extruded and dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The samples were analyzed using gel permeation chromatography (Waters Corporation, Milford, MA; 515 HPLC pump, 717plus autosampler and a 410-differential refractometer).
Ghodbane S.A., Murthy N.S., Dunn M.G, & Kohn J. (2019). Achieving Molecular Orientation in Thermally Extruded 3D Printed Objects. Biofabrication, 11(4), 045004.
+ Open protocol
+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required

Sign up now

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!