Telmisartan and losartan were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Fimasartan was a gift from Boryung Pharmaceuticals (Seoul, Korea). D-glucose, D-mannitol, GW9662, acetylcholine (ACh), phenylephrine (PE), sulfanilamide, N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine, okadaic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against eNOS, p-eNOS-Ser1179, p-eNOS-Thr497, and PP2Ac were purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY, USA). Antibodies against Akt, p-Akt-Ser473, AMPK, p-AMPK-Thr172 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against p-eNOS-Ser116 and β-actin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. Minimum essential medium (MEM) and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) were obtained from Welgene Inc. (Gyeongsan, Korea). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics, trypsin–EDTA solution, and plasticware for cell culture were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). All other chemicals used were of the purest analytical grade available.
Telmisartan
Manufactured by Cayman Chemical
Sourced in United States
Telmisartan is a synthetic organic compound used as a reference standard in analytical testing. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gw9662, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Losartan, by Cayman Chemical (3 mentions)
Trypsin edta solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Plasticware for cell culture, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
P ampk thr172, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D mannitol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
P enos thr497, by BD (1 mentions)
Minimum essential medium (mem), by Welgene (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline dpbs, by Welgene (1 mentions)
N 1 naphthyl ethylenediamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Okadaic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium lactate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium pyruvate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bovine insulin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Streptomycin antibiotics, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Irs 1, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline, by Welgene (1 mentions)
P irs ser307, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
7 protocols using telmisartan
1
Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
2
Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Signaling
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Telmisartan and losartan were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Fimasartan was a kind gift from Boryung Pharmaceutical (Seoul, Korea). D-Glucose, GW9662, sodium lactate, HEPES, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and bovine insulin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against Akt, p-Akt-Ser473, GSK3β, p-IRS-1-Ser302, p-IRS-Ser307, p-IRS-Ser318, p-IRS-Ser1101, p-IRS-Tyr632, p-IRS-Tyr896, IRS-1, and actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). Antibodies against glucose-6-phosphatase α (G6Pase-α), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and PKCζ, p-PKCζ-Thr410 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (La Jolla, CA, USA). Antibodies against p-GSK3β-Ser9 and hemagglutinin (HA) were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA) and Covance Inc. (Emeryville, CA, USA), respectively. Low or high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline were purchased from Welgene Inc. (Gyeongsan, Korea). Sodium pyruvate, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics, L-glutamine, and trypsin-EDTA solution were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Plasticware for cell culture was purchased from Corning Inc. (Oneonta, NY, USA) or SPL Life Sciences (Pocheon, Korea). All other chemicals were of the purest analytical grade.
3
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Protocols
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Azilsartan (SML-0432. Sigma–Aldrich), candesartan (9003239, Cayman), eprosartan (E2535, Sigma–Aldrich), fimasartan (SML3256, Sigma–Aldrich Cayman), telmisartan (11615, Cayman), and valsartan (SML0142, Sigma–Aldrich) were dissolved in DMSO and used in in vitro studies. For in vivo studies, we used candesartan cilexetil (SML0245, Sigma–Aldrich) dissolved in PBS.
4
Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Induction
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EAM was induced in 6–9 weeks old WT and Agtr1a-/- BALB/c mice as previously described.6 (link),35 (link) Detailed description is provided in the supplementary method section. Crisscross bone marrow chimaeras were generated by lethal irradiation (2 × 5.5 Gy) and reconstitution with 2 × 106 crude bone marrow cells as described before35 (link) EAM was induced in chimeric mice 6 weeks after bone marrow reconstitution. In certain experiments, telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day; Cayman Chemical) or vehicle control was delivered in drinking water to Agtr1a-/- mice from day 0 until day 21 of EAM. Mice were euthanized by exposure to gradually increasing carbon dioxide concentration or by intraperitoneal injection of anaesthetics ketamine (75 mg/kg) and medetomidine (1 mg/kg).
5
Inhibition of PDGF-induced signaling
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Telmisartan, losartan, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Fimasartan was a kind gift from Boryung Pharmaceuticals (Seoul, Korea). GW9662 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Compound C was purchased from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB protein was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, CO, USA). Antibodies against mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR-Ser2448, p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), p-p70S6K-Thr389, AMPK, p-AMPK-Thr172, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and p-ACC-Ser79 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody against β-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, Canada). Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics, trypsin–EDTA solution, and plasticware for cell culture were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). All other chemicals used were of the purest analytical grade available.
6
Evaluating DHEA and Telmisartan in Animal Model
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DHEA was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., CA. Telmisartan was obtained from Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was purchased from Sigma Pharmaceutical Company, Quesna, Egypt. Fish oil was purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich Co., St. Louis, Missouri, USA. It contains 20%–31% omega‐3 fatty acids (octadecatetraenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic) as triglycerides. All other chemicals and reagents were acquired from Sigma‐Aldrich Co., St. Louis, Missouri, USA. DHEA was dissolved in 0.2 ml sesame oil. Telmisartan was suspended in 1% carboxymethyl cellulose solution.
7
Telmisartan Modulates Inflammatory Signaling
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Telmisartan was purchased from Cayman Chemical Co (Ann Arber, MI, USA) and human fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from Millipore (Temecula, CA, USA). Human TNF-α, U0126, SP600125, SB202190, BAY11-7082 and GW9662 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Monoclonal anti-ICAM-1 and anti-TNFR antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (La Jolla, CA, USA). Monoclonal anti-α-tubulin and anti-β-actin antibodies were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA), respectively. Antibodies against PARP and phospho-/total forms of NF-κB p65, JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Minimum essential medium alpha (MEM-α), medium 199, RPMI1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), heparin, penicillin and streptomycin were obtained from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and medium 199 from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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