Ez sx series

Manufactured by Shimadzu

Sourced in Japan

The EZ-SX Series is a line of analytical lab equipment manufactured by Shimadzu. The core function of this product is to perform spectrophotometric analysis, which is a widely used technique for measuring the absorbance or transmittance of light by a sample.

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Lab products found in correlation

Digital caliper, by Mitutoyo (1 mentions) Hmv 2, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Absolute digimatic, by Mitutoyo (1 mentions) Isomet, by Buehler (1 mentions)

9 protocols using ez sx series

Tensile Strength Evaluation of Photocured Samples

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Ten samples per group with hourglass shape were prepared in a metallic matrix that was 8.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, and of 1.0 mm thickness, with a cross-sectional area of ±1 mm². Each uncured sample was placed in the mold and photoactivated for 20 s on each side (bottom and top). The prepared samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. The samples were fixed in jigs with cyanoacrylate resin, and they were submitted under tensile strength in a universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at 1 mm/min until fracture. The maximum force value (Newtons, N) achieved was divided by the constriction area of each sample, which was measured with a digital caliper (Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan) to calculate the maximum value of tensile strength (Equation (2)). The results were expressed in megapascals (MPa).
Equation (2):

U T S (M P a) = (\frac{F o r c e (N)}{C o n s t r i c t i o n a r e a (m m^{2})})

Mena Silva P.A., Garcia I.M., Nunes J., Visioli F., Castelo Branco Leitune V., Melo M.A, & Collares F.M. (2020). Myristyltrimethylammonium Bromide (MYTAB) as a Cationic Surface Agent to Inhibit Streptococcus mutans Grown over Dental Resins: An In Vitro Study. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 11(1), 9.

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Tensile Strength of Metallic Specimens

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Ten specimens per group (8.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide and 1.0 mm thickness) were prepared using a metallic matrix with a cross-sectional area of ±1 mm² (±0.1 mm²) and an hourglass shape. After 24 h, the samples were glued onto metallic jigs using the cyanoacrylate resin. A micro tensile strength test was performed using a universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The specimens were stressed at 1 mm/min crosshead speed until fracture. The result in MPa was calculated by dividing the maximum force value to the fracture (N) by the area of each sample at the constriction at the hourglass shape (mm²).

Monteiro J.C., Stürmer M., Garcia I.M., Melo M.A., Sauro S., Leitune V.C, & Collares F.M. (2020). Dental Sealant Empowered by 1,3,5-Tri Acryloyl Hexahydro-1,3,5-Triazine and α-Tricalcium Phosphate for Anti-Caries Application. Polymers, 12(4), 895.

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Tensile Strength Evaluation of Resin Infiltrants

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The resin infiltrants were tested for ultimate tensile strength (UTS) using ten samples per group [29 ]. The samples were prepared in a metallic mold measuring 8.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, and 1.0 mm thickness. The mold presented an hourglass shape with 1 mm² of the constriction area. Uncured resin infiltrants were placed into the mold, and a polyester strip (K-Dent, Biodental Produtos Dentários LTDA, Criciuma, SC, Brazil was used to cover the bottom and the top of each sample. The samples were photoactivated for 40 s on the bottom and 40 s on the top. During the photoactivation process, the beam of the light-curing unit was directly in contact with the sample surface, separated only by the thin and transparent polyester strip. The samples were carefully removed from the mold and immersed in 1.5 mL of distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. The constriction area of each sample was measured with a digital caliper, and the samples were bonded into a metallic jig with cyanoacrylate adhesive. The samples were tested for tensile strength universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until the fracture occurs in the constriction area. The results were expressed in megapascals (MPa) after dividing the force (Newtons) necessary to break each sample and its constriction area (mm²).

Cuppini M., Garcia I.M., de Souza V.S., Zatta K.C., Visioli F., Leitune V.C., Guterres S.S., Scholten J.D, & Collares F.M. (2021). Ionic liquid-loaded microcapsules doped into dental resin infiltrants. Bioactive Materials, 6(9), 2667-2675.

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Tensile Strength of Denture Liners

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To test the mechanical property of the liners after their contact with the solutions (distilled water or distilled water with PHMGH), five samples per group were prepared (n = 5). First, the powder and the liquid of GC COE COMFORT® were mixed at 6:5 by weight, according to the manufacturer's instruction. Each mix of denture liner was placed into a silicone mold, according to ASTM D638-02a [27 ]. The mold was placed between two glass plates and the pressure was applied to extrude excess materials and to remove air bubbles. Then, a load of 1 kg was applied above the set.
Each sample was removed from the mold and placed in a distilled water bath at 37 °C for 40 h to complete the setting. Then, the samples were immersed in the different solutions containing PHMGH (PHMGH_0.125%, PHMGH_0.25% and PHMGH_0.5%) or pure distilled water (G_CTRL) for 5 or 10 min. After the contact with the solutions, the samples were placed in a metallic device to pull each one and test their tensile strength in a universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu). The crosshead speed used was of 500 (±50) mm/min according to ASTM D638-02a [27 ]. The samples were tested up to their failure of tensile strength and the maximum value was calculated in megapascals (MPa).

Garcia I.M., Rodrigues S.B., Rodrigues Gama M.E., Branco Leitune V.C., Melo M.A, & Collares F.M. (2020). Guanidine derivative inhibits C. albicans biofilm growth on denture liner without promote loss of materials’ resistance. Bioactive Materials, 5(2), 228-232.

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Flexural Strength Test of Dental Resins

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The flexural strength test was conducted according to ISO 4049 [34 ]. Six rectangular mini-flexural specimens (n = 6) per group were prepared in a metallic mold that was 12.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide, and 2.0 mm thick [35 (link)]. For the preparation of the specimens, the dental resin was dispensed into the mold and covered with polyester matrix strips. Polymerization was performed in two windows for 20 s on each side of the specimen. The prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. The specimens were submitted under tensile strength in a universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at 1 mm/min until fracture. Flexural strength was calculated from the following equation:

σ = \frac{3 L F}{2 B H^{2}}

where σ is the flexural strength (MPa), F is the maximum load (N), L is the distance (mm) between the holders (up to 0.01 mm), B is the width (mm) at the center of the specimen, and H is the height (mm) of the specimen, measured with a digital caliper just before the test.

Pontons-Melo J.C., Balbinot G.D., Sauro S, & Collares F.M. (2023). Experimental Composite Resin with Myristyltrimethylammonium Bromide (MYTAB) and Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate (α-TCP): Antibacterial and Remineralizing Effect. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 14(6), 303.

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Flexural Strength of Dental Composites

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For the flexural strength tests, a metallic matrix measuring 25 ± 0.1 mm x 2.0 ± 0.1mm x 2.0 ± 0.1mm was used to produce rectangular specimens (n=10). Specimens were photoactivated for 30s in two windows on each side and stored in distilled water for 24 h and six months for immediate and longitudinal analyses. At each time point, specimens were submitted to a three-point flexural strength test in a universal mechanical testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/ min. The values were recorded in newtons (N) and transformed into mega pascal (MPa) by the formula prescribed in ISO 4049:2009 [23] .

de Figueiredo E.Z., de Souza Balbinot G., Castelo Branco Leitune V, & Mezzomo Collares F. (2021). Niobium silicate as a filler for an experimental photopolymerizable luting agent. Journal of prosthodontic research, 65(1).

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Microtensile Bond Strength Evaluation

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To guarantee that the testing machine operator was blinded, each composite block was numbered according to the randomization sequence. Blocks were sectioned into sticks with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.8 mm 2 using a water-cooled diamond saw in a cutting machine (Isomet, Buehler, Lake Bluff, USA). Approximately 40 sticks were obtained for each block. The sticks were carefully examined with a stereomicroscope (HMV-2, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) at 40× magnification. Those with interfacial flaws, gaps, bubbles, or other defects were discarded. The cross-sectional area of each stick was measured with a digital caliper (Absolute Digimatic, Mitutoyo, Tokyo, Japan) to calculate the bond strength values, measured in MPa. Pretesting failures were not observed. The bonded sticks were attached to a universal testing machine for microtensile testing (EZ-SX series, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) with cyanoacrylate and tested at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The µTBS, measured in MPa, was obtained by dividing the load at failure (N) by the cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) of each stick.

Silva C.L.D., Scherer M.M., Mendes L.T., Casagrande L., Leitune V.C.B, & Lenzi T.L. (2020). Does use of silane-containing universal adhesive eliminate the need for silane application in direct composite repair?. Brazilian oral research, 34.

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Evaluation of Polymer Tensile Strength

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A metallic hourglass-shaped mold was used to prepare the samples (n = 5) [19 (link)] with the dimensions of (8 mm long, 2 mm wide, 1 mm thick, and a cross-sectional area of 1 mm²) [18 (link)]. Polyester strips were placed above and below each mold, and each sample was photoactivated for 20 s. After that, samples were measured using a digital caliper, then soaked in distilled water for 24 h at 37 °C. Finally, each sample was fixed in a metallic jig using cyanoacrylate resin, maintaining parallelism between the applied force and the sample’s long axis, in preparation for tension load in a universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at 1 mm/min of crosshead speed. Later, samples were broken at the concentration area, values were obtained in newton (N) and divided by the concentration area revealing results in megapascal (MPa).

Mokeem L.S., Balhaddad A.A., Garcia I.M., Collares F.M, & Melo M.A. (2022). Benzyldimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride Doped Dental Adhesive: Impact on Core’s Properties, Biosafety, and Antibacterial/Bonding Performance after Aging. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 13(4), 190.

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Microtensile Strength of Metallic Samples

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For the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), ten samples per group, n = 10, were prepared using a metallic matrix (hourglass-shaped with 8.0 mm long x 2.0 mm wide x 1.0 mm thickness) with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm 2 at the constriction. The samples were photoactivated for 30 s on each side. After 24 h, the samples were fixed in a metallic device with cyanoacrylate resin and submitted to microtensile strength in a universal testing machine (EZ-SX Series, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min; the values were reported in MPa. 28 (link)

Garcia I.M., Rodrigues S.B., Leitune V.C.B, & Collares F.M. (2019). Antibacterial, chemical and physical properties of sealants with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride. Brazilian oral research, 33.

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