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8 protocols using cba human anaphylatoxin kit

1

Mechanism of GL-2045 Complement Activation

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Experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms by which GL-2045 protected cells from CDC. In a cell free system, normal human serum (NHS) was incubated with increasing concentrations of GL-2045, HAGG, and IVIG (1-10,000 μg/mL) for 90 minutes at 37° C. Levels of complement split products C4a, C3a, and C5a were evaluated with the BD Biosciences CBA human anaphylatoxin kit (cat #561418). In this system, GL-2045 mediated significant cleavage of C4, indicated by an increase in C4a (FIG. 2, left panel), and modest cleavage of C3, indicated by a smaller increase in C3a (FIG. 2, middle panel). Further, serum treated with GL-2045 did not contain detectable levels of C5a (FIG. 2, right panel). These data demonstrate that GL-2045 activates the initial steps of classical complement activation, as demonstrated by C4a production, has a limited ability to mediate downstream C3 cleavage, and is unable to mediate C5 cleavage at the doses tested. The results indicated that GL-2045 drove limited initial complement activation with an inability to mediate downstream activation.

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2

Placental Inflammatory and Complement Profiling

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Interleukin (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α were detected and quantified in placental plasma by CBA Human Inflammatory kit (BD Biosciences), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Complement (C3a, C4a, and C5a) activation was evaluated in placental plasma through CBA Human Anaphylatoxin kit (BD Biosciences). Samples were analyzed in a two-laser BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer with CellQuest version 5.2 software (BD Biosciences) and concentrations computed using FCAP array software version 3.0.1 (BD Biosciences).
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3

Nanocarrier Complement Activation Assay

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Nanocarrier formulations (10 mg mL−1) were added to pooled complement human serum (Innovative Research) in a 1:20 ratio and incubated at 37 °C, 200 rpm for 1 h. Afterward, samples were treated with 5 × 10−3 m EDTA to halt complement activation and were placed on ice. The C3a, C4a, and C5a human anaphylatoxin concentrations were quantitatively assessed using a BD™ CBA Human Anaphylatoxin Kit. The C3a, C4a, and C5a standards and were prepared following the manufacturer’s protocol. Data acquisition was completed using a BD LSRFortessa. Analysis proceeded using Cytobank software.
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4

Quantifying Complement Activation

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1.5-ml polypropylene tubes were blocked with 30% heat-inactivated FBS at 4 °C o/n. Crystals (1 mg) were incubated in 50 µl of serum in these blocked tubes for 30 min at 37 °C with mild agitation. The supernatant was harvested and C3a, C4a, and C5a concentration was determined using the BD CBA human anaphylatoxin kit (BD Biosciences, 561418, sample dilution 1:15,000) and sC5b-9 concentration was determined using human TCC ELISA (Hycultec GmbH, HK328-02, sample dilution 1:750) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
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5

Non-invasive Tear Fluid Collection and Analysis

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The tear fluid was collected non-invasively during the ocular surface evaluation as reported previously27 (link). The same investigator (HM) collected the tear fluid in all cases. To avoid the effect of eye drops on the ocular surface measurements, participants were instructed not to use any eye drops on the day of tear fluid sample collection. The patient lay on his/her back on the bed and the clinician used a micropipette (Drummond Scientific, Broomall, PA, USA) to collect 2 μl of tear fluid from the external eyelid margins. The collected tear fluid was immediately stored at − 80 °C until analysis. The collected tears were measured using the BD CBA Human Anaphylatoxin Kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) for CAPs (C3a, C4a, and C5a). The CAPs in the tear fluid were measured according to the previous reports and the manufacturer's instructions17 (link),22 (link).
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6

Measuring Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19

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Cytokines (IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), chemokines (CCL5, CCL2, CXCL9, and CXCL10), and anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, and C5a) were measured with BD cytometric bead array (CBA) Human Inflammatory Cytokines Kit (Catalog No. 551811, BD), BD CBA Human Chemokine Kit (Catalog No. 552990, BD), and BD CBA Human Anaphylatoxin Kit (Catalog No. 561418, BD), respectively. All kits were acquired with LSR-Fortessa X20 (BD) and analyzed with FCAP Array Software v3.0 (BD Biosciences). Antibodies were measured with MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgM Kit (SNIBE) and MAGLUMI 2019-nCoV IgG Kit (SNIBE) (≥1.00 AU/ml) in a MAGLUMI 800 (SNIBE).
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7

Quantification of Complement Activation

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The presence of C3a/C3a-desArg, C4a/C4a-desArg and C5a/C5a-desArg in the samples of plasma collected, as described above, was evaluated using the BD CBA Human Anaphylatoxin Kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions (BD Biosciences, California, USA). The presence of the soluble complement terminal complex (sTCC, SC5b-9) was evaluated by ELISA in plasma samples from human whole blood assays using the MicroVue SC5b-9 Plus EIA kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (Quidel Corporation, California, USA).
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8

Aqueous Humor Anaphylatoxin and Cytokine Levels

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Levels of anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, and C5a) in the aqueous humor were measured using a BD CBA Human Anaphylatoxin Kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). The levels of cytokines (VEGF and MCP-1) in the aqueous humor were measured using a BD Human Soluble Protein Master Buffer Kit (BD Biosciences). The bead-based immunoassays were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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