Bilateral MRI was performed using a 1.5 T or 3.0 T (Avanto; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany, Skyra; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany, Ingenia; Philips, Best, The Netherlands) MR scanner and a dedicated 18-channel phased-array breast coil (Siemens Medical Solutions) with the patient in a prone position. The imaging protocol included a T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery turbo spin-echo pulse sequence (repetition time [TR]/echo time [TE], 1300/131; matrix size, 384 × 384; field of view [FOV], 340 × 340 mm2; slice thickness, 1.5 mm for the 1.5 T scanner; TR/TE, 1100/131; matrix size, 256 × 416; FOV, 341 × 210 mm2; section thickness,1.5 mm for the 3.0 T scanner) and a dynamic contrast material-enhanced fat-saturated axial three-dimensional T1-weighted fast low-angle shot sequence (TR/TE, 5.0/2.4; matrix size, 384 × 384; FOV, 340 × 340 mm2; section thickness, 0.9 mm for the 1.5 T scanner; TR/TE, 5.6/2.5; matrix size, 384 × 384; FOV, 360 × 360 mm2; section thickness, 0.9 mm for the 3.0 T scanner), consisting of unenhanced and five contrast-enhanced acquisitions. Contrast material (0.2 mL/kg gadoterate meglumine; UNIRAY®; Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) was power-injected (Spectris; Medrad, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) at a flow rate of 1 mL/s, followed by a 20 mL saline flush.
Ingenia
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Ingenia is a laboratory equipment product from Siemens. It is designed for performing various scientific tasks and experiments in a controlled environment. The core function of the Ingenia is to provide a stable and precise platform for conducting research and analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
Tim trio, by Siemens (3 mentions)
Prisma, by Siemens (2 mentions)
Achieva tx, by Philips (2 mentions)
3d tfe, by Philips (2 mentions)
Dedicated 18 channel phased array breast coil, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Spectris, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Achieva, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Signa hdxt, by Philips (1 mentions)
Prisma fit, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Mp rage, by Philips (1 mentions)
Mprage, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Magnetom vida, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Magnetom prisma, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Acheiva, by Philips (1 mentions)
17 protocols using ingenia
1
Bilateral MRI Breast Imaging Protocol
2
Harmonized Brain Imaging Protocol for Dementia
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Brain imaging followed the standardized Canadian Dementia Imaging Protocol (https://www.cdip-pcid.ca/ ), which includes T1-weighted, PD-T2-weighted, T2*, FLAIR, 30-direction diffusion, and T2*-weighted gradient-echo EPI at rest acquisitions. As this is a multicentric cohort, different MRI apparatuses were used from GE Medical Systems (Discovery), Philips Healthcare (Achieva; Ingenia), and Siemens Healthcare (Tim Trio; Prisma). Each scanner used a 20-channel head coil. The parameters for the different sequences were harmonized across MRI models to reduce variability and increase comparability (for details, see design paper, Duchesne et al., (2019) (link), and Supplementary Table S1 ). For the purposes of this study, we specifically analyzed the T1-weighted and FLAIR acquisitions.
3
Automated Quantification of MRI Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis
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Eight patients were scanned with a 3T Philips Ingenia and 22 patients with 3T Siemens Skyra. The MRI protocol included a 3D pre- and post-gadolinium contrast-enhanced gradient echo pulse sequence (MPRAGE) as well as a 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence.
From FLAIR, the number and the total volume in milliliters of all hyperintense lesions were determined by an automatic algorithm based on convolutional neural networks.29 (link) All results were manually corrected by two experienced technical raters. Differences in the corrections were resolved by consensus in a second reading phase. Similarly, the number of contrast-enhancing lesions was determined.
Whole-brain, gray matter, and thalamic volumes in milliliters were determined on the precontrast MPRAGE image using the automatic processing pipeline Biometrica MS analysis platform (version 2.1, jung diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany).30 (link)
From FLAIR, the number and the total volume in milliliters of all hyperintense lesions were determined by an automatic algorithm based on convolutional neural networks.29 (link) All results were manually corrected by two experienced technical raters. Differences in the corrections were resolved by consensus in a second reading phase. Similarly, the number of contrast-enhancing lesions was determined.
Whole-brain, gray matter, and thalamic volumes in milliliters were determined on the precontrast MPRAGE image using the automatic processing pipeline Biometrica MS analysis platform (version 2.1, jung diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany).30 (link)
4
Multimodal Neuroimaging of Tuberous Sclerosis
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Patient brain MRI scans were acquired at 3T on seven scanners and five scanner models, including one General Electric (GE) Signa HDxt, one Philips Achieva, three Philips Ingenia, one Siemens Skyra, and two Siemens TrioTim with 32, 12, and 8 channel head coils. Subjects were imaged under the TACERN consensus research imaging protocol that includes high resolution, routine clinical imaging sequences used for annual surveillance imaging of TSC patients. The protocol includes a 1-mm3 sagittal T1-weighted (T1w) MPRAGE, 0.4-mm2 in-plane resolution × 2-mm slice thickness axial T2-weighted (T2w) TSE, 30 high angular resolution b = 1000 s/mm2 diffusion-weighted (DW) images, and 6 b = 0 s/mm2 DW 2 mm3 resolution images, one with reversed phase-encoding direction for distortion compensation, covering the entire brain. Imaging protocols were harmonized to the extent permitted by each platform. Detailed acquisition parameters used on each scanner and cross-scanner reliability are detailed in a previous publication (Prohl 2019, under review) and in Additional file 1 : Table S1. Patients were imaged under sedation or in natural sleep as clinically indicated.
5
Quantifying Left Atrial Fibrosis using LGE-MRI
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Cardiac LGE-MRI was obtained on all participants to quantify the extent of LA fibrosis using previously described protocols (Marrouche et al., 2014 (link)). Scans were performed on Philips Ingenia and Siemens Avanto clinical scanners, 15–25 min after contrast injection, using a three-dimensional inversion-recovery, respiration-navigated, ECG-gated, gradient echo pulse sequence. Acquisition parameters included transverse imaging volume with a voxel size of 1.25 × 1.25 × 2.5 mm (reconstructed to 0.625 × 0.625 × 1.25 mm). Scan time was 5–10 min dependent on respiration and heart rate. Fat saturation sequences were used to suppress signal from fatty tissue.
6
Lifespan Normative Brain MRI Database
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We used 3D T1-weighted MRI data from nine publicly available databases covering the entire lifespan (see “Acknowledgments ”section). All subjects included are normal controls. The images were acquired at 1.5 T and 3 T over 103 sites. From the initial 3,296 subjects, and after assessing for quality control, 2,944 subjects (47% female; 9 months to 94 years, with an average age of 39.7 years and standard deviation of 26.6 years) were kept. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, including cognitively normal and Alzheimer’s Disease patients, were only used in the external validation testing (see supplementary material ). The details of the dataset have been provided5 (link).
For comparison purpose with the findings from the 28 epileptic patients, we also included 30 supplementary healthy subjects locally scanned in our academic hospital, which were never learnt in the initial manifold. These subjects are matched in gender and age with the epileptic patients. The 3D T1-weighted MRI data for this group were acquired on different scanners, on a Siemens Aera 1.5 Tesla (n = 16) and on two 3 Tesla MR machine (Philips Ingenia, n = 9 and Siemens Skyra, n = 5).
For comparison purpose with the findings from the 28 epileptic patients, we also included 30 supplementary healthy subjects locally scanned in our academic hospital, which were never learnt in the initial manifold. These subjects are matched in gender and age with the epileptic patients. The 3D T1-weighted MRI data for this group were acquired on different scanners, on a Siemens Aera 1.5 Tesla (n = 16) and on two 3 Tesla MR machine (Philips Ingenia, n = 9 and Siemens Skyra, n = 5).
7
Neuroimaging and Neurodegeneration Assessment Protocol
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Patients underwent neuroimaging assessments using either 1.5T MRI scanner (Philips Ingenia) or 3T Siemens Prisma Fit (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). T1-weighted and FLAIR scans were used for visual rating of scans. Subject FLAIR scans were visually rated based on the modified Fazekas scale for white matter hyperintensity (WMH) severity [27 ]. Patients were classified as having confluent WMH and non-confluent WMH based on the Staals criteria [28 (link)]: a WMH rating of 3 in either periventricular and/or a rating of 2 or 3 in deep white matter regions in either hemisphere were assigned as confluent. Raters doing the MRI visual ratings were blinded to diagnosis and clinical information.
The neurodegeneration (N) profile was assigned based on the medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scores based on the Schelten’s scale [29 (link)].
The neurodegeneration (N) profile was assigned based on the medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scores based on the Schelten’s scale [29 (link)].
8
Healthy Participant MRI Imaging Study
9
Longitudinal MRI and Cognitive Assessments
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MRI acquisition took place on eight 3 T MRI scanners (3 Philips Achieva TX, 1 Philips Achieva, 1 Philips Ingenia, 1 Siemens Verio, 1 Siemens Prisma, 1 Siemens Magnetom Prisma fit) at baseline and 2 years (eTable 3 ). (Croall et al., 2017 (link)) Neuropsychological test scores related to executive function, processing speed and memory were age-normalised and used to create a Global Cognition index score (Markus et al., 2021 (link)) (eTable 2 ). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test scores were also employed in this study (Nasreddine et al., 2005 (link)). No dementia diagnoses were made in this cohort.
10
MRI PDFF Assessment of Liver Disease
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MAGO was also applied to 3 particularly challenging cases from the project non‐invasive rapid assessment of chronic liver disease using Magnetic Resonance Imaging with LiverMultiScan (RADIcAL), in which artefacts were observed in LMS IDEAL PDFF maps. These cases had been acquired at 3 different sites at 3T: Leiden University Medical Center (Philips Healthcare, Ingenia, 3T), Coimbra University Hospital (Siemens Healthcare, TrioTim, 3T), and Ulm University Medical Center (Siemens Healthcare, Skyra, 3T) using 12 echoes, TE 1 = 1.1 Δ TE ≈ 1
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