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3 protocols using 2 4 decadienal

1

Stability of Milk Powder under Antioxidants

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Skim milk powder was collected from a local dairy company, and the same batch was used for the production of all FFMPs. Antioxidant-free refined sunflower oils were purchased from a local store (SuperValu, Dublin, Ireland), and stored in closed containers, in the dark under refrigeration (4 °C) until use.
1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), trichloroAcetic acid (TCA), starch, potassium iodide, 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl), isooctane, BHA, BHT, rosmarinic acid, 1-pentanol, 2-heptanone, 2-pentanone, 3-octen-2-one, 2, 4-decadienal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, pentanal, 2-nonenal (E), acetone, 2-nonanone, undecanal 2-methyl-4-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, isovaleraldehyde and ethyl butyrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (now Merck, Wicklow, Ireland), whereas carnosol and carnosic acid were obtained from Extrasynthese (Extrasynthese Co., Genay Cedex, France). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and sodium thiosulfate were obtained from VWR (VWR International Ltd., Dublin, Ireland). Isopropanol (PrOH) was acquired from Romil (Lennox Laboratory Supplies LTD, Dublin, Ireland) and n-hexane from Honeywell (Honeywell, Dublin, Ireland). Acetic acid was obtained from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). Milli-Q® water (H2O) (18 mΩ) (Merck Millipore, Molsheim, France) or deionized H2O was used throughout the experiments.
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2

Volatile Compounds in Duck Leg Meat

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Duck leg meat that was purchased from a local market (Xiamen, China) was stored at −20 °C in a refrigerator. Instant Oolong tea powder containing 25.07% (label provision) of tea polyphenols was purchased from Fujian Da Ming Co., Ltd. (Zhangzhou, China). A standard series of C8-C20 alkanes for retention index (RI) determination and the internal standard 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (≥98%) and ethyl decanoate (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, USA). The standards, including 1-pentanol (≥98%), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (≥90%), benzaldehyde (≥97%), furfural (≥95%), (E)-2-hexenal (≥98%), benzeneacetaldehyde (≥98%), (E)-linalool oxide (≥96%), linalool (≥95%), phenylethyl alcohol (≥90%), 1-octen-3-ol (98%), (E)-2-nonenal (≥95%), (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal (≥98%), (E)-2-nonenal (≥98%), safranal (≥90%), decanal ≥(95%), β-cyclocitral (≥95%), 2,4-decadienal (≥90%), (E,E)-2,4-decadienal (≥95%), (E)-dodecanal (≥95%), alpha-terpineol (≥96%), hexanal (≥95%), β-ionone (≥97%), nonanal (≥96%), limonene (≥97%), dihydroactinidiolide (≥95%) and diisobutyl phthalate (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). Anhydrous sodium chloride was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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3

Lipid-Derived Carbonyl and Phenolic Compounds Protocol

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As model lipid-derived carbonyl compounds, an alkenal (2-pentenal), an alkadienal (2,4-heptadienal), an oxoalkenal (4-oxo-2-hexenal), and two epoxyalkenals (4,5-epoxy-2-heptenal and 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal) were employed. 2-Pentanal and 2,4-decadienal were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), 4-oxo-2-hexenal was prepared from 2-ethylfuran by ring opening (Zamora, Alcon, & Hidalgo, 2013) , and 4,5-epoxy-2heptenal and 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal were synthetized from their corresponding alkadienals (2,4-heptadienal and 2,4-decadienal) by epoxidation with 3chloroperoxybenzoic acid (Zamora, Gallardo, & Hidalgo, 2006) .
As phenolic compounds a wide array of model compounds as well as flavonoids were employed. They are collected in Fig. 1. They included simple m-diphenols: resorcinol (1), 2-methylresorcinol (2), 2,5-dimethylresorcinol (3), and 2,6dihydroxybenzoic acid (4); other simple phenols: 4-methylcatechol (5), hydroquinone (6), and sesamol (7); flavonols: quercetin (8), myricetin (9), and morin (10); flavan-3ols: catechin (11) and epicatechin (12); and stilbenoids: resveratrol (13). All these compounds, as well as all other chemicals employed in these studies, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland), or Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and were of the highest available grade.
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