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6 protocols using ab236422

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Markers

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Paraffin embedded tumour tissue or peritumoral normal tissue was cut into slices (4 μm thick). After antigen recovery and blocking, the sections were incubated with primary antibodies (TRIM44 [ab236422, Abcam], PCNA [ab92552, Abcam], Ki-67 [ab16667, Abcam], and VEGF [ab32152, Abcam]) at 4°C for 16 h. In addition, the sections were washed by PBS three times and incubated with the Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H & L (HRP) (1 : 300, ab6721) (HRP) at room temperature for 1 h. After three washes with PBS, DAB was added for staining and colour development, and the slides were subsequently counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted and imaged. Then, tumour tissue sections were assessed using the H-scoring system by two senior pathologists blinded to the clinical data [22 (link)].
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2

Protein Expression Analysis via Western Blot

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The protein samples from the cells and the tissue (30 μg) are separated and transferred using a 10% SDS-PAGE gel and a PVDF membrane. The membrane is blocked for 1 h at room temperature using 5% milk-PBS buffer. Then, the membrane and primary antibodies against TRIM44 (ab236422, Abcam), FRS2 (ab183492, Abcam), BMP4 (ab124715, Abcam) β- Catenin (ab68183, Abcam), TGF-βR1 (ab235178, Abcam), and GAPDH (sc-166574, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were incubated overnight at 4°C. The next day, the membrane was incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (1 : 3000) for 1 h at room temperature. After three washes with TBST, the membrane was incubated with ECL Luminescent Fluid (P0018, Beyotime) for 5 min. Then, the signal images were taken by a chemiluminometer (ChemiScope 6000 Exp), and data were analysed by ImageJ software.
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3

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis of FRS2 and TRIM44 Complex

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The protein-protein complexes were extracted from Ishikawa cells and immunoprecipitated with the antibody for FRS2 (ab183492, Abcam) or the control IgG from rabbits following the Pierce™ Co-Immunoprecipitation Kit's (Thermo, 26149) instructions. Then, Western blot analysis was performed to detect the presence or content of the FRS2 and TRIM44 in the pulldown precipitation protein complex by using the antibody for FRS2 and TRIM44, respectively (ab236422, Abcam).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Metabolic Enzymes

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Cells were lysed with RIPA buffer (Solarbio). Subsequently, proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking with 5% skim milk for 1 h, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against hexokinase II (HK2; 1:5000, ab227198, Abcam), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA; 1:1000, ab125683, Abcam), TRIM44 (1:2000, ab236422, Abcam) or β-actin (1:2000, ab8227, Abcam). Next, the membranes were washed with TBST buffer 4 times. Then, the membranes were probed with secondary antibody (1:20000, ab205718, Abcam) for 2 h at room temperature and then washed with TBST buffer 4 times. All antibodies were diluted with TBST buffer. The protein bands were visualized using the enhanced chemiluminescence system (Qiagen).
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5

YTHDF1, TRIM44 Protein Expression

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RIPA lysis buffer was used to prepare protein extracts from cells and tissues and the protein was quantitated using the BCA protein assay kit. The samples were mixed with SDS-PAGE loading buffer and heated in a boiling water bath at 100 °C for 5 min. The proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes, blocked for 2 h with 5% skim milk at room temperature, and incubated with YTHDF1 (86,463, CST), TRIM44 (AB236422, ABCAM), and GAPDH (60004-1-LG, Proteintech) primary antibodies for 90 min at room temperature. The membranes were washed three times with TBST and the secondary antibodies were added. The protein bands were developed by chemiluminescence and measured with an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). GAPDH was used as the internal reference to quantitate relative protein expression levels.
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6

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Protein was extracted from tissues and cells for analysis. The samples were boiled at 100 °C for 5 min. Equal amounts of protein were separated by SDS-PAGE followed by transfer to PVDF membranes (Millipore, USA). The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The following primary antibodies: mouse anti-human TRIM44 (ab236422; 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-human CCND3 (ab112034, 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti‐human FOXM1 (ab245309, 1:1,000 dilution, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-human EZH2 (#4905,1:100 dilution, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-human CCNE2 (ab226388, 1:1,000 dilution; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-human BIRC5 (PAB18224, 1:1,000 dilution; Abnova, China), and mouse anti-GADPH (AG019, 1:1,000 dilution, Beyotime) as internal controls. Immunoreactive protein bands were detected using an ECL detection system (Cell Signaling Technology, USA).
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