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10 protocols using pcmvtnt

1

Recombinant Expression and Validation of Plasminogen K1-5

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Fragments encoding plasminogen K1-5 (PlgK1-5, amino acids 1-546) were generated and validated as described previously [8 (link)]. PlgK1-5 was then subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCMVTNT (Promega, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer's protocol; correct insertion was determined through enzymatic restriction digestion and gel electrophoresis of pCMVTNT-K1-5 (pK1-5) on a 1% agarose gel. pCMVTNT without transgene (pMock) was used as a vector control.
pK1-5 and pMock were amplified using the E. coli K12 strain DH10B and plasmid vectors were isolated using the NucleoBond Xtra Maxi Plus EF system (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). DNA content and purity were determined by measuring the OD260/280 ratio.
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2

Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase Protein Expression

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Vector pCMVTNT-EPHX1 used for in vitro translation of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) was constructed by inserting of EPHX1 gene (GeneBank Accession No. NM_000120) cDNA into pCMVTNT (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) between the Xho I and Kpn I sites, EPHX1 gene cDNA was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the total RNA isolated from Huh-7 hepatoma cells. The primers used were: forward primer, 5′- CCGCTCGAGGCCACCATGTGGCTAGAAATCCTCCTCACT-3′; reverse primer, 5′-CGGGG TACCTCATTGCCGCTCCAGCAC-3′. pACT-EPHX1353–455 coding for 353–455 amino acids of mEH was generated by an in-frame insertion of PCR amplified fragment using screened cDNA library prey plasmid as a template into pACT between the Sal I and Not I sites (encodes a herpes simplex virus type 1 VP16 protein, Promega). The primers used were: forward primer: 5′-ACGCGTCGACTTGACCTGCTGACCAAC-3′; reverse primer: 5′-ATAAGAATGCGGCCGC TCATTGCCGCTCCAGCAC-3′. pGEX-HBSP coding for GST-HBSP protein, pBIND-HBSP, pBIND-HBSP1-47 and pBIND-HBSP48-111, which respectively codes for GAL4 DNA-binding domain fused full length, N terminal 47 amino acids and C terminal 64 amino acids of HBSP, were described previously [21 (link)].
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3

Expressing Myc-tagged PIG Proteins in S2 Cells

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To construct expression plasmids for Myc-tagged PIG proteins in S2 cells, cDNAs encoding DmPIGs were obtained from the Drosophila Genomic Resource Center (DGRC) (DmPIG-B; LD47795) (DmPIG-L; GM02889) (DmPIG-M; GH02741) (DmPIG-V; RE16378) (DmPIG-X; IP05792) (DmPIG-N; AT21454) (DmPIG-F; AT13969) (DmPIG-O; SD07983). A DNA fragment encoding the 3Myc sequence was ligated to the 3′ ends of the PCR-amplified coding regions of DmPIG cDNAs and inserted into expression vector pRmHa. To construct the expression plasmid for Myc-tagged human PIG-B, cDNA tagged with the 3Myc epitope at the N-terminus was cloned into pRmHa. To generate chimeric PIG-B expression plasmids, different gene fragments amplified from DmPIG-B and human, ant, mosquito, bombyx or tribolium PIG-B were fused using the in-Fusion HD cloning kit (TAKARA) and inserted into pRmHa. To construct the expression plasmid containing Calr–GFP, the Calr–GFP gene fragment was amplified from ER–GFP (CA06507) fly cDNA and inserted into pRmHa. To construct expression plasmids in CHO cells, PCR-amplified fragments were inserted into expression vector pCMVTNT (Promega). To generate transgenic flies, PCR-amplified fragments were cloned into pJFRC4-3xUAS-IVS-mCD8::GFP. Plasmids were injected into y1w67c23; P{CaryP}attP2 embryos and integrated into genomic site 68A4 using the phiC31 integrase system.
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4

GST Pull-Down Assay for Cdk4-Ink4d Interaction

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The Xl-Ink4d1 and mouse Ink4d(Mm-Ink4d) coding sequences were cloned in frame with an N-terminal GST-tag into pGEX-5X-1 and pGEX-2T, respectively (Amersham). The pGEX plasmids were transformed into BL21-D bacteria and their expression was induced with Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactoside (IPTG) (0.1 mM) for 2 hour according to the manufacturer’s instructions. GST-tagged proteins were purified using glutathione-sepharose (Amersham) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The coding sequence of Xenopuslaevis Cdk4 (Xl-Cdk4) was cloned into pCMVTNT (Promega) and transcribed and translated in the presence of [35S]-methionine using TNT® Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate Systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Promega).
GST pull down assays were performed as described [22 (link)]. Briefly, in vitro transcribed and translated Xl-Cdk4 (20 μl) was incubated with 1 μg of purified GST, GST-Xl-Ink4d1 (Xenopus), or GST-Mm-Ink4d (mouse) proteins immobilized on glutathione sepharose. The mixture was incubated at 4°C for 2 hour and washed several times in IP kinase buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 2.5 mM EGTA, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mMNaF). Bound proteins were denatured and separated on a 12% (w/v) polyacrylamide-SDS gel and visualized by autoradiography [23 ].
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5

Construction of GLI1/GLI2 Expression and Reporter Vectors

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Expression vectors of FLAG-tagged human GLI1 and GLI2 were constructed from pCMVTNT (Promega). Luciferase reporter vectors containing human CXCR4 promoter were constructed from the luciferase reporter pGL3 (Promega). Luciferase reporter vectors, wildGBSx4TKLuc and mutGBSx4TKLuc, which harbor four copies of the wild-type or mutated GLI-binding site within the human CXCR4 promoter, were also from pGL3 (Promega). Lentiviral vectors expressing either human GLI1 or LacZ were constructed from the CSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Bsd plasmid, which was kindly provided by Dr. Hiroyuki Miyoshi (RIKEN BioResource Center, Japan).
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6

Cloning and Expression of ENTREP in MCF-7 Cells

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ENTREP cDNA was amplified from MCF‐7 cells using high‐fidelity PrimeSTAR GXL DNA polymerase (TAKARA) and cloned into the pBluescript II plasmid (Agilent). The following PCR primers were used for amplification: forward primer, 5′‐ccggaattcggtcgccaccatgatactcctggtaaacctctttgtg‐3′; reverse primer, 5′‐acgcgtcgactcacaggacagtctctcggatgac‐3′. The sequence was identical to that of FAM189A2 isoform b (NM_001127608.3) and was registered as ENTREP under accession number LC496047.1 in the DDBJ/EMBL‐EBI/GenBank database. The pRK5‐HA‐Ubiquitin plasmids were kind gifts from Dr. Ted Dawson (Johns Hopkins University) through Addgene. The plasmid vectors encoding human ENTREP, ITCH, EPN1, and CXCR4 were constructed from pcDNA3.1‐myc/HIS (Invitrogen), pCMVTNT, pFN21A HaloTag CMV Flexi (Promega), pEGFP, and pDsRed‐monomer vectors (Clontech). The expression vectors were schematically presented in Appendix Fig S2. The lentiviral expression vector pCSII‐CMV‐MCS‐IRES2‐Bsd, as well as pCAG‐HIVgp and pCAG‐VSV‐G‐RSV‐REV, was a kind gift from Dr. Hiroyuki Miyoshi (Riken BioResource Research Center, Japan). Transient transfection of plasmids was carried out using Lipofectamine PLUS reagent (Invitrogen) or Viafect (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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7

Plasmid Construction for Protein Expression in Insect and Mammalian Cells

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Plasmids to express myc-tagged PIG-B proteins in S2 and CHO cells were previously described (Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2018 (link)). To construct the stable expression plasmid for PIG-B-Flag, cDNA tagged with the 3Flag epitope at the C-terminus was cloned into pMK33. cDNA encoding Lamin Dm0 was obtained from the Drosophila Genomic Resource Center (DGRC). cDNA encoding Lamin C was amplified from CS cDNA by RT-PCR. To construct the expression plasmid for lamins in CHO cells, cDNAs were inserted into the expression vector pCMVTNT (Promega). For the biotinylation assay, V5-miniTurboID-NES pCDNA3 (Addgene plasmid #107170) was used. A DNA fragment encoding V5-miniTurboID was ligated to the 5′ end of the PCR-amplified coding region of Lamin Dm0 cDNA and inserted into the expression vector pMK33. As a control, an expression plasmid for V5-miniTurboID was also generated. HA-tagged wild-type and chimeric lamin constructs were generated previously (Uchino et al., 2017 (link)). Each cDNA fragment was cloned into the pRmHa and pCMVTNT expression vectors.
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8

GST Pull-Down Assay for Cdk4-Ink4d Interaction

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The Xl-Ink4d1 and mouse Ink4d(Mm-Ink4d) coding sequences were cloned in frame with an N-terminal GST-tag into pGEX-5X-1 and pGEX-2T, respectively (Amersham). The pGEX plasmids were transformed into BL21-D bacteria and their expression was induced with Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactoside (IPTG) (0.1 mM) for 2 hour according to the manufacturer’s instructions. GST-tagged proteins were purified using glutathione-sepharose (Amersham) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The coding sequence of Xenopuslaevis Cdk4 (Xl-Cdk4) was cloned into pCMVTNT (Promega) and transcribed and translated in the presence of [35S]-methionine using TNT® Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate Systems according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Promega).
GST pull down assays were performed as described [22 (link)]. Briefly, in vitro transcribed and translated Xl-Cdk4 (20 μl) was incubated with 1 μg of purified GST, GST-Xl-Ink4d1 (Xenopus), or GST-Mm-Ink4d (mouse) proteins immobilized on glutathione sepharose. The mixture was incubated at 4°C for 2 hour and washed several times in IP kinase buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 2.5 mM EGTA, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mMNaF). Bound proteins were denatured and separated on a 12% (w/v) polyacrylamide-SDS gel and visualized by autoradiography [23 ].
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9

Construction of Recombinant Expression Vectors

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Expression vectors were constructed as follows: myc-tagged human TSHZ1, TSHZ2, TSHZ3 and mutated or deleted TSHZ2 from pCMV-3Tag (Agilent Technologies); DsRed-tagged human TSHZ2 from pDsRed-monomer (Clontech); GAL4-fused TSHZ2 from pBIND (Promega); HA-tagged or FLAG-EGFP-tagged human GLI1 and GLI2 and FLAG-tagged human CtBP2 from pCMVTNT (Promega); and EGFP-tagged GLI1 and GLI2 from pEGFP-C (Clontech). Mutated and deleted TSHZ2 constructs were generated via PCR-amplification. Luciferase reporter vectors were constructed as follows: pG5TKluc from UAS-containing pG5luc (Promega) modified by the introduction of the thymidine kinase minimal promoter (TKmini); wtGBSx4TKLuc and mutGBSx4TKLuc from the luciferase reporter pGL3 (Promega) modified by the introduction of four copies of the wild-type or mutated GLI-binding site of the human CXCR4 promoter. Lentiviral vectors expressing either human TSHZ2, GLI1 or LacZ were constructed from the CSII-CMV-MCS-IRES2-Bsd plasmid, which was kindly provided by Dr. Hiroyuki Miyoshi (RIKEN BioResource Center, Japan).
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10

Cloning and Transfection of Influenza Reporter Constructs

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Full length Grail and NP cDNA were cloned into the pCMVTNT (Promega) and pCMV-FLAG (Sigma-Aldrich) vector backbones, respectively. The 8-plasmid A/PR8/34 virus rescue system was kindly provided by Professor Shin-Ru Shih. The PR8 NS1-iRFP-2A-NEP reporter construct was synthesized by Genewiz and then cloned into pHW2000. Grail was cloned into the retroviral plasmid vector pQCXIP (Clontech). The pQCXIP-Grail and pQCXIP-empty plasmids were transfected into GP2-293 cells using TransIT-LT1. Transient gene expression was performed using TransIT-LT1 transfection reagent (Mirus Bio) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were plated and grown to 50–60% confluence prior to transfection. The cells were harvested and lysed in RIPA buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, and 1% Triton X-100) after transfection. To produce recombinant influenza A reporter viruses, the 3:1 co-cultured 293 T and MDCK cells were cotransfected with 1 μg of each plasmid encoding the 7 gene segments of the PR8 virus and the NS reporter construct using lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent (Thermo) as previously described37 (link).
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