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6 protocols using trace elements b

1

Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Protocol

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All cells were cultured at 37°C under 5% CO2 in serum-free defined media containing DMEM, transferrin (100 μg/mL), BSA (100μg/mL), putrescine (16 μg/mL), progesterone (60 ng/mL), sodium selenite (40 ng/mL), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (5 μg/mL), d-biotin (10 ng/mL), forskolin (4.2 μg/mL), insulin (5 μg/mL) (all from Sigma), glutamine (2 mM), sodium pyruvate (1 mM), B27 (2%), penicillin–streptomycin (100 U/mL) (all from Invitrogen), Trace Elements B (1x, Cellgro), and LIF (20 ng/mL, Chemicon). Proliferation medium also contained OPC mitogens PDGF-AA (20 ng/mL) and NT-3 (1 ng/mL) (both from PeproTech), while differentiation medium contained triiodothyronine (40 ng/mL, Sigma) without OPC mitogens. For experiments in which only mature OLGs were examined (and not any intervening stages of differentiation), the differentiation medium was modified by using DMEM/F12 base media (Invitrogen) and a higher dose of insulin (25 μg/mL) to maximize OLG survival.
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2

Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Protocol

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All cells were cultured at 37°C under 5% CO2 in serum-free defined media containing DMEM, transferrin (100 μg/mL), BSA (100μg/mL), putrescine (16 μg/mL), progesterone (60 ng/mL), sodium selenite (40 ng/mL), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (5 μg/mL), d-biotin (10 ng/mL), forskolin (4.2 μg/mL), insulin (5 μg/mL) (all from Sigma), glutamine (2 mM), sodium pyruvate (1 mM), B27 (2%), penicillin–streptomycin (100 U/mL) (all from Invitrogen), Trace Elements B (1x, Cellgro), and LIF (20 ng/mL, Chemicon). Proliferation medium also contained OPC mitogens PDGF-AA (20 ng/mL) and NT-3 (1 ng/mL) (both from PeproTech), while differentiation medium contained triiodothyronine (40 ng/mL, Sigma) without OPC mitogens. For experiments in which only mature OLGs were examined (and not any intervening stages of differentiation), the differentiation medium was modified by using DMEM/F12 base media (Invitrogen) and a higher dose of insulin (25 μg/mL) to maximize OLG survival.
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3

Isolation and Culture of Oligodendrocytes

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Mice (CD-1) cortices of P1/2 pups were isolated, diced, and digested in a solution containing papain (1.54 µg/ml; Worthington), l-cysteine (360 µg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich), and DNaseI (703 µg/ml; Roche) for 25 min at 37°C as outlined previously (O’Meara et al., 2011 (link)). Dissociated cells were plated at high density on T75 tissue culture flasks coated with poly-l-lysine (PLL; Sigma-Aldrich) for 7–10 d in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 2 mM l-glutamine or 1× GlutaMAX, 50 U/ml penicillin, 50 µg/ml streptomycin, and 10% FBS. Confluent T75 flasks were shaken overnight 18–20 h at 220 rpm, and the supernatant was incubated for 30 min on a tissue culture plate to remove adherent cells. Nonadherent cells were plated at 5,000 cells per well in PLL-coated 96-well tissue culture plates in oligodendrocyte growth medium composed of high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1× GlutaMAX, 50 U/ml penicillin, 50 µg/ml streptomycin, 1× B27 supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 50 µg/ml holo-transferrin, 100 µg/ml albumin from bovine serum, 5 ng/ml sodium selenite, 16 µg/ml putrescine, 60 ng/ml progesterone, 400 ng/ml 3,3′,5-thiiodo-l-thryonine, 5 µg/ml bovine insulin, 5 µg/ml N-acetyl cysteine, 10 ng/ml d-biotin (Sigma-Aldrich), and 1× Trace Elements B (Corning). After 24 h in vitro, cells were treated with toxins for a defined period of time.
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4

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells

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Mouse OPCs were isolated from the cortices of pups at postnatal days 3–8 as described previously.[30] Briefly, cortical tissues were dispersed into single cells and the cell suspension was then subjected to immunopanning with antibodies against GalC and O4 sequentially. The enriched Galc‐negative O4‐positive OPCs were plated into poly‐D‐lysine coated dishes and cultured with Mouse OPC growth medium (DMEM/F‐12 (GIBCO, Cat# 11330‐032) supplemented with 1% N2 supplement (GIBCO, Cat# A1370701), 2% B27 supplement (GIBCO Cat# A3582801), penicillin–streptomycin solution (MP Biomedicals, Cat# 0916700), 1% sodium pyruvate (GIBCO, Cat# 11360070), 1% L‐glutamine (Hyclone, Cat# SH30034), 10 ng mL−1 platelet‐derived growth factor‐aa (Peprotech, Cat#100‐13A), 10 ng mL−1 ciliary neurotrophic factor (Peprotech, Cat# 450‐13), 20 ng mL−1 human basic fibroblast growth factor (Sino Biological, Cat# 10014HNAE), 0.5 mg mL−1 insulin (Sigma, Cat# 91077), 5 mg mL−1N‐acetyl cysteine (Sigma, Cat# A8199), 10 ng mL−1 D‐biotin (Sigma, Cat# B4639), 5 mm forskolin (Sigma, Cat# F3917), and 0.1% Trace Elements B (Corning, Cat# 25‐022‐CI)). OPC differentiation medium contained the same components as growth medium except human basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet‐derived growth factor‐aa, but supplemented with 40 ng mL−1 triiodo‐thyronine (Sigma, Cat# T2877).
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5

Murine Mesothelioma and Healthy Mesothelial Cells

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AB22 murine mesothelioma and MeT-5A human healthy mesothelial cell lines were purchased from Sigma and ATCC respectively. AB22 cells were cultured in RPMI media supplemented with 25 mM Hepes, 10% FBS, 1% P/S and 2 mM of Glutamine, while MeT-5A were cultured in Medium 199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% P/S, 8.7E−4 mM of bovine insulin, 3.3E−6 mM of human EGF, 4E−4 mM of hydrocortisone and Trace Elements B (Corning) and maintained in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 °C.
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6

Neural Progenitor Culture and Differentiation

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The attached neural progenitors were collected and cultured in suspension from day 15 to day 20 which the culture medium was changed every other day with OIM which consisted of DMEM-F12 with 1:200 N2 supplement, 1:100 B27 supplement lacking vitamin A, 1 μM SAG (Millipore), 10 ng/mL hPDGF-AA (Peprotech), 10 ng/mL NT3 (Peprotech), 10 ng/mL IGF-I (Peprotech), 200 μM AA (Sigma), 1:1,000 Trace Elements B (Corning), 10 ng/mL T3 (Sigma). Then, the neural spheres were cultured with DM medium consisting of DMEM-F12 with N2 supplement (1:200), B27 supplement without vitamin A (1:100), 60 ng/mL T3, 10 ng/mL NT3, 10 ng/mL IGF-I, 200 μM AA, Trace Elements B (1:1,000), biotin (sigma) and 100 μM cAMP (Sigma). After 7–10 day of differentiation, cells were dissociated with accutase and reseeded at densities of 3 × 104 cells on Matrigel coated glass coverslips of 24-well plates for staining analysis.
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