β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate disodium salt nadp

Human recombinant CYP2J2 was purchased from Cypex (Scotland, UK). β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate disodium salt (NADP⁺), D-glucose-6-phosphate, (G-6-P) glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase were purchased from Sigma (Darmstadt, Germany). All herbal medicines were obtained from Beijing Tong Ren Tang (China, Beijing). All commercially available reagents and solvents were used as received. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded at 400 MHz and ¹³C NMR data were collected at 100 MHz with complete proton decoupling. ESI-HRMS spectra of all compounds were recorded by Synapt G2-Si^TM (Q-TOF-MS) equipped with a high-pressure liquid chromatography (Waters Acquity I-Class^TM). Flash column chromatography was carried out on silica gel (300–400 mesh, Qingdao Marine Chemical Ltd, Qingdao, China). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on TLC silica gel 60 F254 plates. The purities of all final compounds were determined by HPLC to be above 95%.

Pooled human liver microsomes from 150 donors (75 males; 75 females) were purchased from Corning Life Sciences (Woburn, MA, USA), and (‒)-sophoranone (99.7% purity; SPN) was supplied by SK Chemicals Ltd. (Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate disodium salt (NADP), glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt hydrate, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MgCl₂, and all chemicals including the specific substrates, its metabolites, and well-known inhibitors of nine P450s were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MO, USA), Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA), or Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) unless stated otherwise. The purity of all purchased compounds was higher than 97.0%. HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Burdick & Jackson Company (Morristown, NJ, USA). Caco-2 cells were supplied by the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea) and cultured according to the supplier’s recommendations. Transwell (24-well, 6.5 mm polycarbonate inserts, 0.4-μm pore) and cell culture reagents were purchased from Corning Life Sciences. Heparinized human plasma was obtained from donors at the Severance Hospital of Yonsei University Health System (Seoul, Korea) and stored at −80 °C prior to use.