Golden gate atr

To obtain Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra of primers, adhesives, fillers, monomers (HEMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, 10-MDP) and solvents (water and ethanol), a diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) accessory (Golden Gate ATR, Specac Ltd., Orpington, UK) in an FTIR spectrometer (Spectrum One, Perkin-Elmer, MA, USA) was employed. Spectral acquisition was almost immediate. For the solid adhesive fillers (not required for the liquids), the golden gate bridge of the ATR accessory was required to ensure good contact with its diamond. Timebase, version 3.1.4; Software for FTIR data analysis (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to calculate the ratio of the intensity obtained with versus without the sample, on the ATR diamond, and convert the data to absorbance versus wavenumber. In all cases spectra were acquired from 700 to 4000 cm⁻¹ at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹.

Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of consolidants that may have been applied during curation and storage. Infrared spectra of bone powder were obtained using a Varian Excalibur series FTIR with a Specac Golden Gate ATR. Data was processed using Digilab Resolutions Pro 4.0 software. Each sample was run for 64 scans and each spectrum was subjected to background subtraction.
FTIR spectra of the bone samples (Figure 5) were compared with those of a pig rib from the wreck of the Mary Rose (AD 1545), an ORAU in-house standard known to be non-conserved [19] .
The FTIR suspect conservation material consists of a polymer comprising tree sap (termed kanefol) as well as polyvinylbutyral, phenol/formaldehyde and ethanol. It appears not to be removed by the pretreatments applied, which included the ultrafiltration protocol. Acid hydrolysis of the collagen and amino acid separation by HPLC is a superior method for this type of highly contaminated material.

Structural characterization of the electrospun fibrous substrates was evaluated through attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) using a JASCO 4200 (Deutschland GmbH, Pfungstadt, Germany) spectrometer with a Specac Golden Gate ATR. For all spectra, 200 scans were recorded at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹, in the wavenumber region of 4000–600 cm⁻¹. MNP, GO, and FG were used as control samples.

ATR-FTIR was done to ensure the successful synthesis of GelMA in comparison with the commercially available GelMA by identifying the presence of the specific vibrations of GelMA. It was used to assess the chemical composition of GelMA groups (P-GelMA (175), P-GelMA (300), B-GelMA, and F-GelMA) in comparison with C-GelMA. A photo-crosslinked sample of each hydrogel group was placed on the diamond of an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) (Golden Gate ATR, Specac Ltd., Orpington, UK) machine and characterised using a PerkinElmer Spectrum One spectrometer (PerkinElmer Ltd., Seer Green, Beaconsfield, UK) in the 4000–600 cm⁻¹ wavenumber region. The data presented in spectra show peaks of specific chemical groups found in the gel samples.