Quercetin hydrate

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Belgium

Quercetin hydrate is a type of flavonoid used as a research compound in laboratory settings. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in various organic solvents. Quercetin hydrate is commonly used in scientific studies, but a detailed description of its core function is not available without the risk of making unsubstantiated claims.

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Lab products found in correlation

8 protocols using quercetin hydrate

Purification and Characterization of CTPilB Protein

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The M. xanthus strains used in this study were DK10416 (ΔpilB) (26 (link)), YZ603 (ΔdifE) (50 (link)), YZ1674 (ΔpilB att::MxpilB) (51 (link)), and YZ2232 (ΔpilB att::MC₃pilB) (31 (link), 63 ). Unless stated otherwise, they were maintained and grown on Casitone-yeast extract (CYE) agar plates or media at 32°C. Conditions and procedures for the expression and purification of the CtPilB protein were as previously described (31 (link)).
All stock solutions of quercetin used in this study were prepared by dissolving quercetin hydrate (ACROS Organics) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Fisher Biotech). Unless otherwise stated, 10× stocks were prepared for each concentration of quercetin in DMSO before their use in experiments. Controls without quercetin had the same concentration of DMSO as those with quercetin. The Selleckchem kinase library L1200 used for the HTS had been reformulated to be 1 mM stocks in DMSO.
GraphPad Prism v 7.04 was used for curve fitting and data analysis. Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis.

Dye K.J., Vogelaar N.J., Sobrado P, & Yang Z. (2021). High-Throughput Screen for Inhibitors of the Type IV Pilus Assembly ATPase PilB. mSphere, 6(2), e00129-21.

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Antibacterial Efficacy of Quercetin and Metal Ions

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All the chemicals used in the experiment were of analytical grade and purchased from Merck. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 99.85%), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃, 99%), and quercetin hydrate 95% were purchased from Acros Organics, Waltham, MA, USA. The strains of bacteria were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and cultured according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, including ATCC 25922 Escherichia coli (E. coli), ATCC 27853 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and ATCC 25923 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Two tested drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains, including colistin- and imipenem-resistant A. baumannii, were manually induced until the concentration of antibiotic reached 32 µM at Tzu Chi University, Hualien, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA107568) was kindly provided from a patient sample at Tzu Chi Hospital.

Moorthy K., Chang K.C., Huang H.C., Wu W.J, & Chiang C.K. (2023). Evaluating Antioxidant Performance, Biosafety, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Houttuynia cordata Extract and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nano-Antibiotics. Antioxidants, 13(1), 32.

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HPLC-Based Phytochemical Characterization

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HPLC-grade methanol (MeOH), HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃ > 99%), aluminium chloride (AlCl₃ > 99%), D-(+)-glucose, DL-lactic acid (90%), choline chloride (98%), and standard compounds: ethyl-o-vanillin - ISTD (99%), diosmin (95%), rutin (99%), chrysin (99%), morin hydrate (95%), myricetin ( > 96%), apigenin (97%), (–)-epicatechin (99%), (+)-catechin, vanillic acid (97%), syringic acid (97%), trans-p-coumaric acid (98%), o-coumaric acid (98%), ferulic acid (98%), and rosmarinic acid (97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chlorogenic acid (99%), trans-cinnamic acid (98%), quercetin hydrate (99%) and flavone (99%) were supplied by Acros Organics (Belgium). Protocatehuic acid (99%), caffeic acid (99%) and kaempferol as well as Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent (2N), D-(–)-fructose and sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) were supplied by Merck (Germany). Gallic acid (99%) was purchased from Carlo Erba (Italy). Ultrapure water (resistance above 18 MΩ cm) used was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system.

Islamčević Razboršek M., Ivanović M., Krajnc P, & Kolar M. (2020). Choline Chloride Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Extraction Media for Extracting Phenolic Compounds from Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa). Molecules, 25(7), 1619.

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Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant Evaluation

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A Folin–Ciocalteu’s (FC) reagent, a total phenolic content (TPC) standard, iron (II) chloride hexahydrate (98%), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (97%), iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate (99%), hydrogen chloride (HCl, 99%), sodium acetate, 2,4,6-tris-(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ > 98%), sinapic acid (>97%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 97%), and formic acid were all purchased from Fisher Scientific Canada Ltd. (Ottawa, ON, Canada). Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ferrozine, and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na₂EDTA) were purchased from Sigma Canada Ltd. (Mississauga, ON, Canada). Quercetin hydrate (>95%) and 2-amino-ethyl-diphenyl borate (98%) were purchased from Acros (Mississauga, ON, Canada).
Extraction reagents, including methanol (optima grade) and ethanol (analytical grade), and standard compounds for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were purchased from Sigma Canada Ltd. (Mississauga, ON, Canada).

Nandasiri R., Semenko B., Wijekoon C, & Suh M. (2023). Air-Frying Is a Better Thermal Processing Choice for Improving Antioxidant Properties of Brassica Vegetables. Antioxidants, 12(2), 490.

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Analytical Reagents for Research

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Dichloromethane, acetonitrile and methanol were organic trace analysis grade solvents (Sigma-Aldrich, France). Diatomaceous earth used for the preparation of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) cells was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Five HAA standards and TriMeIQx used as internal standard were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, Canada) . Resveratrol 99% and quercetin hydrate 95% were bought from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) . Carvacrol (>98%, FC, FG) and (-)-epicatechin (>90%, HPLC) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich.

Meurillon M., Angénieux M., Mercier F., Blinet P., Chaloin L., Chevolleau S., Debrauwer L, & Engel E. (2020). Mitigation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked meat. Part I: Informed selection of antioxidants based on molecular modeling. Food chemistry, 331.

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Micellar Quercetin Formulation for Enhanced Bioavailability

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Quercetin hydrate (minimum purity of 95%) was acquired from Acros Organics (Madrid, Spain) and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer Pluronic F127 (average molecular weight 12.6 kDa, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance 22) was provided by BASF (Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany). For the micellar formulation, the supercritical antisolvent precipitation technique was used to produce quercetin/Pluronic F127 particles (P-quercetin) as previously described [31 (link)]. The resulting Pluronic-quercetin formulation had a relative composition of 50%/50% w/w Pluronic F127/quercetin. For the natural quercetin formulation, quercetin was suspended in 0.16% Tween 20 in saline, as previously described [25 (link),26 (link)].

Casanova A.G., Prieto M., Colino C.I., Gutiérrez-Millán C., Ruszkowska-Ciastek B., de Paz E., Martín Á., Morales A.I, & López-Hernández F.J. (2021). A Micellar Formulation of Quercetin Prevents Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(2), 729.

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Quantitative Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds

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Chemical reagents used included
aluminum chloride (99% extrapure, anhydrous, granules), ethyl alcohol
(99% ACS spectroscopic grade), and quercetin hydrate (95%), which
were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Potassium acetate (certified
ACS crystalline) and sodium carbonate anhydrous (HPLC-grade powder)
were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Folin and Ciocalteu’s
phenol reagent and gallic acid monohydrate (ACS reagent grade) were
purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA). Sodium acetate (Sigma
Ultra minimum 99.0%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Conc. HCl,
conc. NaOH, pure ethanol, and 95% ethanol were purchased from Fisher
Scientific. Distilled water was used for all procedures. Ultraviolet/visible
(UV/vis) determination of total concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoids,
and polyphenols was performed on a Spectronic 10 Genesis spectrophotometer,
as described in the procedures below.

Green B.V., Aroh B., Fiorellino N.M., Ristvey A.G, & Volkis V.V. (2023). Effect of Cultural Management and Plant Age on the Yield, °Brix, and Antioxidant Content of Aronia mitschurinii Grown in Maryland. ACS Omega, 8(4), 4060-4071.

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Quantification of Anthocyanins, Flavonoids, and Polyphenols

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Chemical reagents used included
aluminum chloride (99% extra pure, anhydrous, granules), ethyl alcohol
(99% ACS spectroscopic grade), and quercetin hydrate (95%), which
were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Potassium acetate (certified
ACS Crystalline) and sodium carbonate anhydrous (HPLC grade powder)
were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Folin and Ciocalteu’s
Phenol reagent and gallic acid monohydrate (ACS reagent grade) were
purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA). Sodium acetate (Sigma
Ultra minimum 99.0%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Amberlite resins
XAD1180 N, XAD7HP, XAD761, and FPX66 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Conc. HCl, Conc. NaOH, pure ethanol, and 95% ethanol were purchased
from Fisher Scientific. Distilled water was used for all procedures.
UV/Vis determination of total concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoids,
and polyphenols was performed on a Spectronic 10 Genesis spectrophotometer,
as described in the procedures below.

Green B.V., Ford T.W., Goldsborrough H., Abdelmotalab M., Ristvey A.G., Sauder D.G, & Volkis V.V. (2022). Extraction of Antioxidants from Aronia mitschurinii Juice Using Macroporous Resins. ACS Omega, 7(34), 29877-29885.

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