3 hydroxybenzoic

Ethanol and sodium carbonate were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland (Gliwice, Poland). Gallic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, 5-O-caffeoylqunic, ferulic, isoferulic, vanillic, salicylic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, syringic, rosmarinic acid, quercitrin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, eriocitrin, taxifolin, 3-O-methylquercetin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, luteolin, kaempferol, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, sakuranetin, aluminum chloride, and LC–MS grade acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Mo, USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was supplied by Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Quercetin was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Catechin, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, eriodictyol, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 3,7-diglucoside, nicotiflorin, narcissoside, gentisic, sinapic acid, and myricetin were provided by ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). Astragalin, apigenin, naringenin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, and tiliroside were supplied by Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). LC–MS grade water was prepared using a Millipore Direct-Q3 purification system (Bedford, MA, USA).

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6sulfonic acid) (ABTS), fluorescein, 2,2′-Azobis (2-methylpropion-amidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), Trolox, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, catechuic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, syringic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric, trans-ferulic, t-iso-ferulic, sinapinic, and cinnamic and ferulic acids were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd., Oakville, ON, Canada). All the chemicals and reagents used in the study are analytical grade.

Ethanol, hexane, acetonitrile, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Mississauga, ON, Canada). Suprapur formic acid (FA) was purchased from VWR (Mississauga, ON, Canada). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), fluorescein, 2,2′-Azobis (2-methylpropion-amidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), Trolox, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, 3-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapinic, and o-coumaric acids were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Canada Ltd., Oakville, ON, Canada). All the chemicals and reagents used in the study are of analytical grade. The nano pure water was obtained from Milli-Q integral water purification system (Millipore (Canada) Ltd., Etobicoke, ON, Canada).