L cystine

Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTES), potassium ferricyanide (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]), potassium ferrocyanide (K₄[Fe(CN)₆]), potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), norepinephrine (NE), bovine serum albumin (BSA), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), folic acid (FA) were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). L-Cystine and sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (Na₂HPO₄.12H₂O) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Hydrochloric acid was obtained from Hangzhou Shuanglin Chemical reagent (Hangzhou, China). Ethanol, calcium chloride (CaCl₂), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), Zinc chloride(ZnCl₂), oleic acid (OA) were provided from Hangzhou Gaojing Fine Chemical Industry (Hangzhou, China). Whole human blood (healthy man) was provided by Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute (Hangzhou, China) for real sample analysis. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was prepared using Na₂HPO₄ and NaH₂PO₄ in a certain proportion. All chemicals and reagents are used directly without further purification. Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used throughout the work.

L-cystine, L-selenocystine, acetaldehyde, and other chemicals/solvents were purchased from Macklin Lnc. (Shanghai, China). siRNA was synthesized by GenePharma. Lnc. The sequences used were from the literature: siRNA scramble control (siScr), 5′-CGUACGCGGAAUACUUCGATT[57 (link)]; BCL-xl siRNA sequence 5′-AUACUUUUGUGGAACUCUATT [58 (link)], BCL-w siRNA sequence 5′-GCAGACUUUGUAGGUUAUATT [59 (link)]. bPEI (branched Polyetherimide, molecular weight ~0.8 kDa), EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethy-laminopropyl) carbodiimide), and NHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) were purchased from Macklin Lnc. Fetal bovine serum (FBS). Trypsin-EDTA, penicillin-streptomycin (PS), DMEM cell culture medium, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Gibco. TAE (tris-acetate), agarose, and Gel red were purchased from Sangon Biotechnology lnc. (Shanghai, China).