Buffered peptone water (BPW, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA) was supplemented with 1 mg/L of colistin (BPW1) and BPW without colistin (BPW0) was prepared following the manufacturer’s instructions. Glass bottles were used since it is known that colistin easily adheres to plastic [14 (link)]. All samples were separately enriched with 90 mL BPW0 and BPW1. Meat cuts and boot swabs were rinsed with 250 mL of BPW, and 10 mL of the rinse was transferred into each enrichment solution. For fecal and feed samples, 10 g were used for enrichment. For water samples, 10 mL were transferred to each enrichment bottle. Samples were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
Buffered peptone water (bpw)
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Poland
Buffered peptone water is a microbiological culture medium used for the enrichment and cultivation of a wide range of bacteria. It provides a buffered, nutrient-rich environment to support the growth of various bacterial species. The core function of buffered peptone water is to facilitate the isolation and identification of bacteria from different samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
Baird parker agar, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Egg yolk tellurite emulsion, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Mannitol salt agar, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trypticase soy broth (tsb), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sheep blood agar, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Mrs agar, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nutrient agar, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Xylose lysine deoxycholate (xld), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trypticase soy broth tsb, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenolphthalein, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu s reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
86 protocols using buffered peptone water (bpw)
1
Colistin-Enriched Buffered Peptone Water Protocol
2
Salmonella Detection in Diverse Samples
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The samples (chicken feces, environmental samples, and pest animal contents) were diluted to 9 times their volume with buffered peptone water (BPW) (Merck®, Germany) for incubation at 37°C for 24 h. One milliliter of the BPW broth was transferred into 9 mL of the enrichment broth (Rappaport Vassiliadis soya [RVS] broth) (Merck®) for additional incubation at 37°C for 24 h. One loop of the RVS broth was streaked on Brilliant-green Phenol-red Lactose Sucrose agar (Merck®) to isolate Salmonella. The suspicious Salmonella colonies were picked after incubation at 37°C for 24 h. Subsequent biochemical identification was performed as previously described by Tran et al. [21 (link)].
3
Enumeration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
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One gram of sample was soaked in buffered peptone water (Millipore, Warzawa, Poland) supplemented with 0.1% Tween 80 (Millipore, Warzawa, Poland) for 1 h with continuous mixing. The obtained product suspension was serially diluted in buffered peptone water, and selected dilutions were plated in triplicate on MRS (De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) agar (Millipore, Warzawa, Poland) for Lactobacillus spp. enumeration. The plated agar media were incubated with anaerobic gas-generating sachets (AnaeroGen, Oxoid), placed in gas-tight boxes, and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. When the incubation was complete, the bacterial colonies were counted, and the bacterial cell counts (colony forming units) per 1 g of the product were calculated. The bacterial count was expressed as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cells per gram of product (cfu/g) and log10 values.
4
Biofilm Lactic Acid Production Assay
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In order to investigate the lactic acid production by biofilm, disks with 5- to 30-day biofilms were washed twice with PBS, then immersed in 1.5 mL buffered peptone water (BPW) (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 0.2% sucrose and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 3 h. The lactate concentrations in BPW were determined using a lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic method by measuring OD340nm [29 (link)]. Three replicates were tested for each group.
5
Biofilm Lactate Production Quantification
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Disks with 48h biofilms were washed twice with PBS, then immersed in 1.5 mL buffered peptone water (BPW, Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 0.2% sucrose and incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO2 for 3 hours (n = 6).55 (link) The lactate concentrations in BPW were determined using a lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic method by measuring OD340nm, and the concentrations were determined using the lactic acid standard curves, as previously described.62 (link)
6
Pre-enrichment and Selective Isolation of Salmonella from Stool and Chicken
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Non-selective pre-enrichment: Twentyfive grams of human stool or grilled chicken were weighed and added to 225 mL of buffered peptone water (Sigma Aldrich, USA). The liver and gallbladder of carriers and the filter that contained bacterial load in the water were also inoculated and incubated at 37°C overnight (ISO, 1993; Post, 1997 ).
Selective pre-enrichment: A total of 100 μL of cultured buffered peptone water was transferred into 10 mL of Rappaport Vassiliadis soy peptone broth (RVS) and incubated at 41.5°C for 24 hrs in a shaker incubator.
Streaking on selective media: A loopful of RVS broth was streaked on XLD and Hektoen enteric (HE) agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs.
Selective pre-enrichment: A total of 100 μL of cultured buffered peptone water was transferred into 10 mL of Rappaport Vassiliadis soy peptone broth (RVS) and incubated at 41.5°C for 24 hrs in a shaker incubator.
Streaking on selective media: A loopful of RVS broth was streaked on XLD and Hektoen enteric (HE) agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs.
7
Curcumin Bioavailability Enhancement Protocol
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Curcumin powder, with the purity specification equal to 80.1%, as previously reported [11 (link)], acetone, isopropanol, methanol, formic acid, bile salts, calcium chloride (CaCl2), (+)-arabinogalactan, tryptone, yeast extract, buffered peptone water, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffer saline, casein sodium salt from bovine milk, pectin from citrus fruits, mucin from porcine stomach-type III, NaHCO3, KH2PO4, MgSO4 monohydrate, guar gum, inulin, Tween 80, xylan from birchwood, L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, FeSO4 heptahydrate, and resazurin redox indicator were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Anhydrous K2HPO4 and soluble starch were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy). KCl and NaCl were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Both HPLC-grade water and HPLC-grade acetonitrile were purchased from VWR International (Milan, Italy).
8
Isolation and Serotyping of Salmonella
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The isolation of Salmonella was executed in accordance with the procedures specified in ISO 6579:2002 (Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuff—horizontal method for detecting Salmonella spp.). In summary, the sample was introduced into buffered peptone water (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and incubated at 37°C for 18 h. Subsequently, the solution underwent enrichment through Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV ) medium (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) at 41.5°C for 24 h. The cultured broth was then streaked onto xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD ) agar (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) to facilitate the cultivation of single colonies at 41.5°C for 24 h. Serotyping was performed using plate agglutination assays with antisera targeting O and H antigens. Salmonella strains that yielded positive results in the O5, Hi, and H1 tests were identified as ST.
9
Salmonella Gallinarum Isolation Quantification
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Re-isolation numbers for Salmonella Gallinarum was determined for liver, spleen, and feces collected from each sacrificed chicken at 5 dpi. In addition, feces were retrieved from sterilized paper that was used to line the chicken's housing unit. For non-selective pre-enrichment processing, 0.1 g of tissue and feces from the cecum of each sample were aseptically collected and added to 10 mL of sterile Buffered Peptone Water (Sigma-Aldrich), homogenized completely, and incubated at 37℃ for 24 h. Then, the homogenate was transferred from 1 mL of the pre-enrichment broth to 10 mL Tetrathionate Broth (TTB; Difco Laboratories) and incubated at 37℃ for 24 h for selective enrichment processing. The TTB was serially diluted 10-fold in PBS, and 50 µL of each dilution was spread onto a Salmonella Shigella agar (Difco Laboratories) plate and incubated at 37℃ for 24 h. The resulting characteristic black-colored colonies were counted and expressed as CFU/0.1 g tissue, but only for those plates with counts of 30 to 300 colonies per plate.
10
Biofilm Lactate Production Assay
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Disks with 2-day biofilms were washed three times with PBS, and then immersed in a 24-well plate filled with 1.5 mL of buffered peptone water (BPW; Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 0.2% sucrose. The 24-well plate was incubated at 37°C in 5% CO 2 for 3 h 21, 22) . The lactate concentrations produced by biofilms were determined using an enzymatic method via the lactate dehydrogenase approach. This was accomplished by measuring the absorbance at an OD 340 nm using a microplate reader (SpectraMax M5, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) with known lactic acid standards (Supelco Analytical, Bellefonte, PA, USA) and calibration curves, according to previous studies 21, 22) (n=5).
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