Intralipid 20

Manufactured by Fresenius

Sourced in Sweden, Germany, Canada, France

Intralipid 20% is a parenteral nutrition product used as a source of calories and essential fatty acids. It is an emulsion of refined soybean oil, egg phospholipids, and glycerin in water. Intralipid 20% is intended for intravenous administration as part of a balanced parenteral nutrition regimen.

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Intralipid (63 citations)

25 protocols using intralipid 20

Evaluating Hemolysis and Lipemia Effects

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The effect of hemolyzed plasma, with a H‐Index (Lippi et al., 2018 (link)) of about 600, was investigated by analyzing five replicate samples at a QC high and extra low concentration.
The effect of lipemic plasma, with a concentration of 150 and 300 mg/dL purified soya bean oil (Intralipid 20%, Fresenius Kabi, Etten‐Leur, the Netherlands), was investigated by analyzing five replicate samples at a QC low concentration. The percentage deviation between the mean concentrations as compared to the nominal value and the relative standard deviation in the measurement of each condition had to be less than 15%.

van Ewijk‐Beneken Kolmer E.W., Teulen M.J., Boosman R.J., de Rouw N., Burgers J.A, & ter Heine R. (2021). Highly sensitive quantification of pemetrexed in human plasma using UPLC‐MS/MS to support microdosing studies. Biomedical Chromatography, 36(2), e5277.

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Optimized Parenteral Nutrition for Neonatal Piglets

Cited 2 times

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The PN formulation was based upon previous neonatal piglet studies^{21 (link), 22 (link)}. A pre-mixed formulation (Clinimix E 8/14; Baxter, Deerfield, IL) with added calcium gluconate (0.5 mEq/mL), thiamine (10 mg/day), and lipid (Intralipid 20%; Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden) was used. No additional vitamins were added. At target nutritional intake, PN provided energy 125 kcal/kg/d, amino acids 8 g/kg/d, dextrose 14 g/kg/d, lipid 5 g/kg/d, and intravenous fluid 126 mL/kg/d. We previously validated the energy requirements for this age and sex of piglets^{19 (link)}. PN was started at 25% of caloric needs (study day −4) and increased by 25% daily until reaching 100% of caloric needs (study day −1).

Tsikis S.T., Fligor S.C., Hirsch T.I., Mitchell P.D., Pan A., Moskowitzova K., Whitlock A.E., Loring G., First E., Nedder A., Gura K.M, & Puder M. (2023). A Digestive Cartridge Reduces Parenteral Nutrition Dependence and Increases Bowel Growth in a Piglet Short Bowel Model. Annals of Surgery, 278(4), e876-e884.

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Cannabinoid Receptor and GLP-1 Signaling

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Anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), AM251 and WIN55,212-2 were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). JD-5037 was provided by Jenrin Discovery, Inc. (Wilmington, DE). Exendin-4 (Ex-4), GLP-1 and GIP were obtained from Bachem (Torrance, CA). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Aprotinin was obtained from Fisher-Scientific (Middletown, VA). Intralipid 20% was purchased from Fresenius-Kabi (Uppsala, Sweden). The human Cnr1 (CB1 encoding gene) cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from a human pancreas RNA (Stratagene, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA), and cloned into the mCerulean-N1 vector (Rizzo and Piston, 2005 (link)).

González-Mariscal I., Krzysik-Walker S.M., Kim W., Rouse M, & Egan J.M. (2015). Blockade of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Improves GLP-1R Mediated Insulin Secretion in Mice. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 423, 1-10.

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Intralipid 20% Pharmacokinetics in Rats

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Intralipid 20% was purchased from Fresenius Kabi (Bad Homburg, Germany). DACHPt/HANP was synthesized and characterized as described previously^{27 (link)}. Abraxane was purchased from Celgene Corporation (Summit, NJ). Onivyde was purchased from Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc (Cambridge, MA). Marqibo was purchased from Talon Therapeutics, Inc (Foster City, CA). Phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) was purchased from Mediatech (Manassas, VA). 0.9% Sodium chloride injection UPS was purchased from Baxter Healthcare Corporation (Deerfield, IL).
Male SD rats with an indwelling jugular vein catheter implanted were purchased from Harlan Laboratories (Indianapolis, IN). All experiments involving animal subjects were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Carnegie Mellon University and the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) of Taiwan. Animal care was provided in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, published by the NIH (Eighth Edition, 2011) and the guidance of the Associated for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).

Liu L., Ye Q., Lu M., Chen S.T., Tseng H.W., Lo Y.C, & Ho C. (2017). A New Approach to Deliver Anti-cancer Nanodrugs with Reduced Off-target Toxicities and Improved Efficiency by Temporarily Blunting the Reticuloendothelial System with Intralipid. Scientific Reports, 7, 16106.

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Lipid Emulsion-Induced Canine Serum Lipemia

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A commercial lipid emulsion (Intralipid® 20%, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) was used to test the effect of lipemia. Again, non-lipemic pooled canine serum was divided into two tubes: non-spiked serum (4.5 mL of serum and 250 µL of distilled water) and spiked serum (4.5 mL of serum and 250 µL of Intralipid®). Eight solutions were prepared to yield increasing lipid concentrations, as previously described (see Supplementary material Table 3a). The final TG concentrations were measured using a biochemistry analyzer (IDEXX Catalyst One®, USA) and ranged from 112 to 1950 mg/dL (representing extreme lipemia). Additionally, further solutions were prepared to achieve lower TG concentrations of 86, 111 and 161 mg/dL, representing slight lipemia (see Supplementary material Table 3b).

Perez-Montero B., Fermin-Rodriguez M.L., Miro G., de Juan L, & Cruz-Lopez F. (2023). Hemolysis, icterus and lipemia interfere with the determination of two oxidative stress biomarkers in canine serum. BMC Veterinary Research, 19, 172.

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Neonatal Piglet Parenteral Nutrition Formulation

Cited 2 times

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The PN formulation was based on previous neonatal piglet studies.^{21 (link),22 (link)} A premixed formulation (Clinimix E 8/14; Baxter) with added calcium gluconate (0.5 mEq/mL), thiamine (10 mg/d), and lipid (Intralipid 20%; Fresenius Kabi) was used. No additional vitamins were added. At target nutritional intake, PN provided energy 125 kcal/kg/d, amino acids 8 g/kg/d, dextrose 14 g/kg/d, lipid 5 g/kg/d, and intravenous fluid 126 mL/kg/d. We previously validated the energy requirements for this age and sex of piglets.^{19 (link)} PN was started at 25% of caloric needs (study day 4) and increased by 25% daily until reaching 100% of caloric needs (study day 1).

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Platinum-Based Nanoparticle Delivery

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Intralipid 20% was purchased from Fresenius Kabi (Bad Homburg, Germany). Dichloro(1,2-diamminocyclohexane) platinum(II) (DACHPtCl₂), AgNO₃, and the platinum (Pt) standard were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) was obtained from Mediatech (Manassas, VA).
Male SD rats with an indwelling jugular vein catheter implanted were purchased from Harlan Laboratories (Indianapolis, IN). All experiments involving animal subjects were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Carnegie Mellon University. Animal care was provided in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Liu L., Ye Q., Lu M., Lo Y.C., Hsu Y.H., Wei M.C., Chen Y.H., Lo S.C., Wang S.J., Bain D.J, & Ho C. (2015). A New Approach to Reduce Toxicities and to Improve Bioavailabilities of Platinum-Containing Anti-Cancer Nanodrugs. Scientific Reports, 5, 10881.

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Liquid Phantoms for Brain Tumor Fluorescence

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Four sets of liquid phantoms were prepared to model the actual clinical measurement situation (see Table 1). These included zero signal, low signal, high signal, and error signal. The phantoms modeled the optical properties of the brain tumor using ink and intralipid 20% (Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden) [18 (link)] including tissue autofluorescence (AF) by adding turmeric dissolved in ethanol (zero signal). In two phantom sets (low and high signal), 10 and 30 g/l of PpIX disodium salt (MP Biomedicals, France) was added to model the low and high fluorescence signals, respectively. The PpIX concentration was chosen to be greater than what is measured in the brain to account for photobleaching effects on the signals and thus avoid variation in the generated sound on one spot. The maximum PpIX peak in the phantoms was at 634 ± 4 nm due to the chemical environment. In a fourth phantom set, the AF was blocked by additional ink to reflect the situation in which the measurements are obstructed by blood or no signal is recorded (error signal). The tray had 96 wells each of 7 mm diameter and 1 cm depth, see Figure 2a.

Black D., Hahn H.K., Kikinis R., Wårdell K, & Haj-Hosseini N. (2017). Auditory display for fluorescence-guided open brain tumor surgery. International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery, 13(1), 25-35.

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Pharmacological Vascular Reactivity Assay

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All drugs were of the highest purity available commercially: acetylcholine, the calcium ionophore A23187, sodium nitroprusside, l-arginine, and tiron were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Intralipid 20% and Lipofundin MCT/LCT 20% were donated by Fresenius Kabi Korea (Seoul, Korea) and B. Braun Korea (Seoul, Korea), respectively. All drug concentrations are expressed as the final molar concentration or as the final percentage of LE in the organ bath. The calcium ionophore A23187 was initially dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (final organ bath concentration: 0.05%) and subsequently diluted in distilled water. Unless stated otherwise, all other drugs were dissolved and diluted in distilled water.

Ok S.H., Lee S.H., Yu J., Park J., Shin I.W., Lee Y., Cho H., Choi M.J., Baik J., Hong J.M., Han J.Y., Lee H.K., Chung Y.K, & Sohn J.T. (2015). Lipid Emulsion Attenuates Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation in Isolated Rat Aorta. BioMed Research International, 2015, 871545.

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Intralipid-Gelatin Phantom for Optical Imaging

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The intralipid-gelatin phantom was made from intralipid (Intralipid 20%, Fresenius Kabi, Sweden), porcine skin gelatin (10% by weight, G2500-1kG, Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and deionized water (42 (link)). With a lipid concentration of 1.5 g ml⁻¹, the reduced scattering coefficient

μ_{s}^{'}

was ~10 cm⁻¹. Acrylic spacers with a thickness of 0.15 cm were sandwiched between two acrylic sheets to accurately control the thickness of the intralipid-gelatin phantom to be 0.15 cm (equivalent to 1.5

l_{t}^{'}

, where

l_{t}^{'}

denotes the transport mean free path).

Yang J., Li L., Shemetov A.A., Lee S., Zhao Y., Liu Y., Shen Y., Li J., Oka Y., Verkhusha V.V, & Wang L.V. (2019). Focusing light inside live tissue using reversibly switchable bacterial phytochrome as a genetically encoded photochromic guide star. Science Advances, 5(12), eaay1211.

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