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The DLD-1 is a laboratory equipment used for detecting and analyzing single cells. It utilizes flow cytometry technology to measure various parameters of individual cells, such as size, granularity, and fluorescence. The DLD-1 is capable of rapidly processing and analyzing large numbers of cells, making it a useful tool for applications in cell biology, immunology, and other related fields.

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7 protocols using dld 1

1

CRC Cell Line Demethylation Assay

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The DLD-1, HCT116, and colo320-DM cell lines used in this study are CRC cells obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (http://www.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/). The DLD-1 and colo320-DM were cultured in UltraCulture serum-free medium (Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA, cat. no. 12–725F). HCT116 cells were cultured with 2.5% human platelet lysate (hPL, Compass Biomedical, MA, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific). To demethylate TMEM240, DLD-1 cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the demethylation agent decitabine (DAC, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). After treatment, DNA and RNA were extracted, and methylation and expression levels were analyzed. DAC was dissolved in DMSO.
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2

Colorectal and Gastric Cancer Cell Lines

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The human colon cancer cell line HT-29 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Human colorectal carcinoma DLD-1 cells and HCT116 cells were purchased from Dainippon Sumimoto Pharma Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). The 5FU-resistant cell line DLD-1/5FU was established using long-term culture in the presence of 5FU in vitro (23 (link)). The human gastric cancer cell line MKN45 was purchased from RIKEN BioResource Center Cell Bank (Tsukuba, Japan) (24 (link)).
The cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (HT-29, DLD-1, DLD-1/5FU and MKN45) or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (HCT116) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Culture media and FBS were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation status of HT-29 and MKN45 was wild-type, whereas DLD-1 and HCT116 are KRAS mutants. The v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation status of DLD-1, HCT116 and MKN45 was wild-type, whereas HT-29 is a BRAF mutant. The p53 mutation status of DLD-1, HT-29 and MKN45 was wild-type, whereas HCT116 is a p53 mutant.
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3

Decitabine-induced DNA Demethylation in CRC

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DLD-1, COLO 320DM, and T84 CRC cell lines, which were obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (http://www.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/), were cultured in UltraCulture Serum-free medium (Lonza, Walkersville, Maryland, USA, Cat. No. 12–725F) and RPMI1640 (Invitrogen, Grand island, Nebraska, USA). For the demethylation assay of BEND5, the DLD-1 cells were treated with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the demethylation agent decitabine (DAC, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, Cat. No. SLBN2574V). DAC treatment is efficacious for epithelial tumor cells and is accompanied by decreases in genome-wide promoter DNA methylation and gene re-expression [36 (link)]. After treatment, DNA, RNA, and protein were extracted, and methylation and expression levels were analyzed. DAC was dissolved in DMSO.
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4

Culturing Human Colon Cancer Cells DLD-1

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The human colorectal carcinoma cell line DLD-1 (Bioresource Collection and Research Center, HsinChu, Taiwan) was grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Gibco BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 2 mM l-glutamine and 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, supplemented with 10% FBS and 2% penicillin–streptomycin (10,000 U/mL penicillin and 10 mg/mL streptomycin). The cells were cultured in a humidified incubator at 37 °C under 5% CO2.
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5

Colorectal Cancer Cell Culture

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The colorectal cancer cell lines, DLD-1 and LoVo, were purchased from Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan. DLD-1 cells (Dukes' type C, human colorectal adenocarcinoma) were incubated in high glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco). The LoVo cells (Dukes' type C, grade IV, human colorectal adenocarcinoma) were grown in DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco) contained with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. All cultured cells were maintained at 37C and 5% CO2.
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6

Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Cultivation

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The CRC cell lines SW1116, SW480, SW620, DLD1, HT29, and CaCO2 were purchased from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC; Hsinchu, Taiwan). SW1116, SW480 and SW620 cells were cultured in Leibovitz L-15 Medium (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). HT29 and DLD1 cells were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). CaCO2 cells were cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium (Invitrogen). Wild type HCT116 (p53+/+) cells and isogenic p53 null cells (HCT116 (p53−/−)) were purchased from Horizon Discovery Group (Cambridge, UK) [60 (link)] and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen). All media were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Invitrogen) and antibiotics (100 U mL-l penicillin and 100 mg mL-l streptomycin) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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7

Anticancer Effects of Herbal Extracts

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Human colon cancer cell
lines HCT116, HT-29, SW620, and DLD-1 were purchased from Bioresource
Collection and Research Center (BCRC, Taiwan) and were cultured at
37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in RPMI
1640 medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with the 10%
fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco). Cells were treated with the water
extracts of herbs at indicated concentrations for 48 h before harvest.
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