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759 protocols using elx808

1

Evaluating Violacein Production Inhibition

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Isolated colonies of CV026 (LB agar – 48 hours at 28 °C) were used to make a bacterial suspension in LB medium adjusted to 2.0 McFarland scale. The bacterial suspension was used to inoculate the test medium in a proportion of 10% v/v. The test medium was then supplemented with the cognate autoinducer (N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine 96% lactone, Sigma-Aldrich), at a final concentration of 10 µM. A 1.95 mL aliquot of this culture was transferred to a conical falcon tube (v = 15 mL) and supplemented with 50 µL of the tested molecules in an acetone solution of 25%, in different final concentrations (2.5 mM, 1.25 mM, 625 µM and 312 µM). The assays were incubated under agitation at 200 rpm at 30 °C for 24 hours and then were put in a kiln to completely evaporate the liquid medium. Violacein was solubilized from dried bacterial pellets with 1 mL of DMSO. After 24 h of agitation, the absorbance of soluble violacein was measured at 630 nm using a microplate reader (Biotek – ELx808™).
The same experimental conditions were repeated, in parallel, in the absence of the cognate auto-inducer (“blank”) for evaluating the bacterial growth by measuring turbidity (630 nm) after 24 hours under agitation at 200 rpm and 30 °C in a microplate reader (Biotek – ELx808™).
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2

ADSC Viability Assay with e-CSF and β-ME

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In the present study, the harvested ADSCs were
rinsed with PBS, transferred into 24-well plates
(7×104 cells/well), treated with e-CSF (E17, E18,
and E19) (10% v/v), and β-ME (10 ng/ml, Sigma
Aldrich, USA) for six days. The wells without any
treatment were considered as controls. Cell survival
and viability were measured by the MTT assay. MTT
(3-(4 (link),5 (link)-Dimethylthiazol-2 thiazolyl)-2,5- diphenyl 2
tetrazolium bromide) is a yellow tetrazolium dye that
responds to activated mitochondrial dehydrogenases
and changes the yellow color of samples to dark blue
formazan crystals. The cells were incubated with MTT
(5 mg/mL in PBS, Merck, Germany) at 37˚C for 3
hours. Finally, the absorbance was recorded at 570 nm
using a plate reader (ELx808TM, BioTek® instruments,
USA). Each experiment was repeated in triplicate (16 (link)).
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3

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of PLP

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Cytotoxicity was evaluated using a commercial Cell Counting Kit-8 (Beyotime, China). Briefly, BMDCs were plated in 96-well plates at 1 × 104 cells per well and treated with RPMI-1640 alone (control group) or with different concentrations of PLP (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml). After 24 and 48 h, the CCK-8 solution was added to the cell wells and incubated at 37°C for 1 h to follow the instruction. Cell viability was assessed by measuring the optical density (OD) with a microplate reader (ELx808 TM; BioTek Instruments, United States) at 450 nm.
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4

MIC Evaluation of Antimicrobial Compounds

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The MIC values of compounds, against the tested strains, were performed by means of the twofold serial broth microdilution assay [21 ]. The compounds, dissolved in DMSO, were diluted at concentrations ranging from 500 to 0.49 µg/mL with a Müeller-Hinton broth medium for bacteria, and a Sabouraud broth medium for the yeast strain. The antimicrobial activity of the solvent was evaluated, and control antibiotics were included. The MIC value was taken as the lowest concentration of compound that inhibited the growth of the test organisms after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. The bacterial growth was measured with an absorbance microplate reader set to 630 nm (ELX808TM-BioteK, Winooski, VT, USA). Assays were carried out in triplicate for each tested microorganism.
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5

Determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antimicrobial Peptide

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The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aforementioned formulations was determined in triplicate in 96-well microtiter plates using the broth microdilution method [29 ]. Fresh colonies of E. coli were sub-cultured in Mueller–Hinton broth (Sigma-Aldrich) and were grown at 37 °C overnight on a rotary shaker at 160 rpm. MIC values were determined in 96-well round-bottom plates using a volume of 250 μL of Mueller–Hinton broth containing the formulations at different concentrations, inoculated with 2.5 µL of the E. coli strain’s pre-culture. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C, and inhibition of growth was measured at 600 nm with a spectrophotometer ELx808tm (BioTek, Winoosky, VT, USA). The MIC was determined as the lowest concentration of DRS-B2 peptide allowing the absence of a visible growth, compared to non-inoculated medium used as a control.
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6

Colorectal Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity Assay

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The cell cytotoxicity or cell viability of BA treated human colorectal cancer cells was performed by MTT assay. In brief, HCT116 and SW480 cells were grown in 96-well culture plates at the density of 8 × 103 cells per well for 24 h. Both cells were treated with ranging concentrations of BA (1.5625, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. After incubation for 24 and 48 h, 10 µL of 5 mg/mL MTT was added to each well, followed by incubation at 37 °C for 3 h. Then, the medium was removed and replaced with an isopropanol solution to dissolve the formazan crystals. Viable cells were detected by measuring the absorbance at 562 nm using a microplate reader (ELx808TM, BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, USA). The experiments were repeated three times independently.
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7

Hormonal Profiling of PCOS Patients

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Levels of 25(OH)D, E2, P4, free testosterone (free T), and total testosterone (total T) were measured in FF of normal women and patients with PCOS. These assays were carried out by commercial ELISA kits [Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc. for sex hormones and Orgentec Company for 25(OH)D] according to the manufacturer’s recommendations using a microplate reader (ELx808TM, BioTek® instruments, USA).
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8

Serum Biochemical Indices Analysis

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Serum biochemical indices were analyzed according to the manufacturer’s protocols (JianCheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). A Super microplate reader (Bio-tek ELx808TM, Winooski, VT, USA) was used to measure high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), total glyceride (TG) and albumin (ALB).
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9

Cytokine Quantification by ELISA

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Interleukin (IL)-12p70, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-6 from the supernatant of cell culture medium were determined by ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Proteintech, China). The optical density (OD) at 450 nm was measured with a microplate reader (ELx808TM; BioTek Instruments, United States).
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10

Serum P-Selectin Quantification by ELISA

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Frozen serum aliquots were thawed on ice for enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) (Human P-Selectin/CD62P ELISA Kit, MOLEQULE-ON, Auckland city, New Zealand). The procedure was followed as described in the instruction manual of the above-mentioned kit. The absorbance of the end-point reaction was measured by ELx808TM microplate reader (BioTek, USA) at 450 nm. A standard curve was created and the concentration of unknown samples was calculated from the standard curve’s equation.
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