Lipopolysaccharide lps rough strains from escherichia coli f583 rd mutant

Elderberries from 8 genotypes including ‘Bob Gordon’, ‘Dallas’, ‘Ocoee’, ‘Ozone’, ‘Sperandio’, ‘Wyldewood’, ‘York’ (S. nigra subsp. canadensis) and ‘Marge’ (S. nigra subsp. nigra) were harvested at the same location of Mt. Vernon (MO, USA) in 2011. Fruit production details are described in Thomas et al. (2015) . Berries were immediately frozen upon harvest, and later were thawed, de-stemmed, French-pressed, and the juices centrifuged, filtered, lyophilized, and dissolved in DMSO. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, 0.05% (w/v) trypsin/EDTA, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from GIBCO (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Interferon-γ (IFNγ) was purchased from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (rough strains) from Escherichia coli F583 (Rd mutant) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum was from Atlanta Biologicals (Lawrenceville, GA, USA).

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, 0.05% (w/v) trypsin/EDTA and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from GIBCO-BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Fetal bovine serum was from Atlanta Biologicals (Lawrenceville, GA, USA). Cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and IFNγ) were purchased from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (rough strains) from Escherichia coli F583 (Rd mutant) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Premixed WST-1 cell proliferation reagent was obtained from Clontech (Mountain View, CA). BCA protein assay kit was from Pierce Biotechnology (Rockford, IL). Reporter Lysis Buffer (E397A) and Firefly luciferase kits (PR-E4030 or PR-E2610) were from Promega (Madison, WI). Antibodies for Western blot analysis: goat anti-rabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP), goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP, rabbit polyclonal anti-Nrf2 (C20, sc-722) and rabbit polyclonal anti-HO-1 (H-105, sc-10789), were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Mouse monoclonal anti-β-actin (sc-2004) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Precision Plus Protein molecular weight standards were obtained from (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).