Digidata 1440a interface

Manufactured by Molecular Devices

Sourced in United States

The Digidata 1440A interface is a high-performance data acquisition system designed for electrophysiology applications. It features a flexible and customizable interface, enabling users to capture and digitize analog signals from a variety of experimental setups.

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Digidata 1440A (524 citations) Digidata 1440A data interface (3 citations)

63 protocols using digidata 1440a interface

Electrophysiology of Zebrafish Embryonic Hearts

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The heart of zebrafish embryos 3 days after fertilization was dissected from the thorax en bloc by using fine forceps and transferred to the recording chamber. Only spontaneously beating whole hearts were studied. All experiments were performed at room temperature. The recording chamber was superfused with a solution containing 140 mM NaCl, 4 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM glucose and 10 mM Hepes (pH 7.4)19 (link)37 (link). Action potentials were recorded by using the microelectrode and disrupted patch method19 (link)37 (link). Atrial action potentials were measured by using an amplifier (Axopatch 200B; Axon Instrument, USA) and digitized with a 12-bit analogue-to-digital converter (Digidata 1440A Interface; Molecular Devices, USA). Resting action potentials were first validated and then triggered by incrementally injecting pulses of depolarizing current or field pacing. APD was measured at 90% repolarization37 (link)38 (link).

Tsai C.T., Hsieh C.S., Chang S.N., Chuang E.Y., Ueng K.C., Tsai C.F., Lin T.H., Wu C.K., Lee J.K., Lin L.Y., Wang Y.C., Yu C.C., Lai L.P., Tseng C.D., Hwang J.J., Chiang F.T, & Lin J.L. (2016). Genome-wide screening identifies a KCNIP1 copy number variant as a genetic predictor for atrial fibrillation. Nature Communications, 7, 10190.

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MscL Protein Purification and Reconstitution

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MscL protein purification and reconstitution into soybean azolectin liposomes were described previously (Nomura et al., 2012 (link)). All results were obtained with proteoliposomes at the protein: lipid ratio of 1:200 (wt/wt). Channel activities of the wild-type and mutant MscL were examined in inside-out liposome patches using patch-clamp technique. Borosilicate glass pipettes (Drammond Scientific Co, Broomall, PA) were pulled using a Narishige micropipette puller (PP-83; Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). Pipettes with resistance of 2.5–4.9 MΩ were used for the patch-clamp experiments. Pipette and bath solution contained 200 mM KCl, 40 mM MgCl2, and 5 mM HEPES (pH 7.2 adjusted with KOH). The current was amplified with an Axopatch 200B amplifier (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA), filtered at 2 kHz and data acquired at 5 kHz with a Digidata 1440A interface using pCLAMP 10 acquisition software (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) and stored for analysis. Negative pressure (suction) was applied to the patch pipettes using a syringe and was monitored with a pressure gauge (PM 015R, World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL).

Wang Y., Liu Y., DeBerg H.A., Nomura T., Hoffman M.T., Rohde P.R., Schulten K., Martinac B, & Selvin P.R. (2014). Single molecule FRET reveals pore size and opening mechanism of a mechano-sensitive ion channel. eLife, 3, e01834.

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Electrophysiological Recordings with pCLAMP

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The signals, comprising voltage and current tracings, were stored online at 10 kHz in an ASUS VivoBook Flip-14 touchscreen laptop computer (TP412U; Taipei, Taiwan) equipped with the Digidata 1440A interface (Molecular Devices). The latter device was used for efficient analog to digital/digital to analog conversion. During the recordings, the data acquisition system was driven by pCLAMP 10.7 software (Molecular Devices) run under Windows 10 (Redmond, WA, USA), and the signals were simultaneously monitored on a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor (MB169B+; ASUS, Taipei, Taiwan) through universal serial bus (USB) type-C connection. Current signals were low-pass filtered at 2 kHz with FL-4 four-pole Bessel filter (Dagan, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to minimize background noise. Through digital to analog conversion, the pCLAMP-generated voltage clamp profiles with various waveforms were specifically designed and suited for evaluating either the relationship between current density and voltage or the steady-state activation curve for the densities in different types of ionic currents such as I_h [41 (link)]. As high-frequency stimuli were needed to elicit the cells, an Astro-med Grass S88X dual output pulse stimulator (Grass Technologies, West Warwick, RI, USA) was used.

Chan M.H., Chen H.H., Lo Y.C, & Wu S.N. (2020). Effectiveness in the Block by Honokiol, a Dimerized Allylphenol from Magnolia Officinalis, of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current and Delayed-Rectifier K+ Current. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(12), 4260.

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Patch-Clamp Analysis of ANO6 Channels

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The whole-cell and inside-out patch-clamp methods were used to measure the channel activities of ANO6-transfected HEK293T cells at 25°C. The cells were transferred to a bath, perfused at 10 ml/min at room temperature, and mounted on the stage of an inverted microscope (Ti-U; Nikon, Japan) equipped with a high-density mercury lamp light source for green fluorescence excitation. Microglass pipettes (World Precision Instruments, USA) were fabricated using a PP-830 single-stage glass microelectrode puller (Narishige, Japan) with a resistance of 2-3 MΩ and 3-5 MΩ for the whole-cell and inside-out patch recordings, respectively. The liquid junction potential was rectified with an offset circuit before each experiment. Currents were recorded using an Axopatch 200B amplifier and Digidata 1440A interface, digitized at 10 kHz and low-pass filtered at 5 kHz with pClamp software 10.7 (Molecular Devices, USA). In the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration, a ramp-like pulse from –100 mV to +100 mV (duration time 3 s) was applied every 20 s with 0-mV holding voltage, and the inside-out patch recordings were obtained at a holding voltage of +80 mV.

Roh J.W., Hwang G.E., Kim W.K, & Nam J.H. (2021). Ca2+ Sensitivity of Anoctamin 6/TMEM16F Is Regulated by the Putative Ca2+-Binding Reservoir at the N-Terminal Domain. Molecules and Cells, 44(2), 88-100.

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Electrophysiological Characterization of Sodium Currents

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The signal output (i.e., potential and current traces) was monitored on an HM-507 oscilloscope (Hameg, East Meadown, NY, USA) and digitally stored online in an Acer SPIN-5 laptop computer (Yuan-Dai, Tainan, Taiwan) at 10 kHz or more through the Digidata^® 1440-A interface (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). During the measurements, the latter device was controlled by pCLAMP^TM 10.6 software (Molecular Devices) run under Microsoft^® Windows^TM 7 (Redmond, WA, USA). We low-pass filtered current signals at 2 kHz with an FL-4 four-pole Bessel filter (Dagan, Tainan, Taiwan) before they were digitized. Through digital-to-analog conversion, manifold pCLAMP-generated voltage protocols (i.e., rectangular, ramp, or sinusoidal waveforms) were tailored to determine the nonlinear properties of either window Na⁺ current (I_Na(W)), resurgent Na⁺ current (I_Na(R)), or persistent Na⁺ current (I_Na(P)). After the signals were digitally stored, we analyzed them offline by using manifold analytical tools that include LabChart^TM 7.0 program (AD Instrument, KYS Technology, Tainan, Taiwan), OriginPro^® 2022b (Microcal; Scientific Formosa, Kaohsiung, Taiwan), and custom macro procedures built under Microsoft^® Excel^® 2021 (Redmond, WA, USA).

Wu S.N, & Yu M.C. (2023). Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Na+ Currents Exerted by KB-R7943 (2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea), an Inhibitor of Na+-Ca2+ Exchanging Process. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(2), 1805.

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Whole-cell patch-clamp recording of retinal ganglion cells

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RGCs were attached to the coverslips and stabilized in the incubating chamber. After the incubation, the coverslips were immersed with ACSF: 125 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM KCl, 25 mM NaHCO₃, 1.25 mM NaH₂PO₄, 2 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl₂, and 25 mM glucose (pH 7.4 with carbogen) in the recording chamber. Neurons were visualized by infrared differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The recording pipettes (8–10 MΩ) were filled with internal solution containing the following constituents: 135 mM K-gluconate, 20 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM EGTA, and 4 mM Na₂ATP (pH 7.3). Signals were recorded by MultiClamp 700B amplifiers (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Data were filtered at 2 kHz and sampled at 10 kHz with a Digidata 1440A interface (Molecular Devices) controlled by pCLAMP version 10.6 (Molecular Devices).

Yang Y.P., Chang Y.L., Lai Y.H., Tsai P.H., Hsiao Y.J., Nguyen L.H., Lim X.Z., Weng C.C., Ko Y.L., Yang C.H., Hwang D.K., Chen S.J., Chiou S.H., Chiou G.Y., Wang A.G, & Chien Y. (2022). Retinal Circular RNA hsa_circ_0087207 Expression Promotes Apoptotic Cell Death in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy-like Models. Biomedicines, 10(4), 788.

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High-Frequency Electrophysiology Recordings

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The signals containing both potential and current traces were stored online in an Acer SPIN-5 touchscreen display computer (SP513-52N-55WE; Taipei, Taiwan) at 10 kHz connected to Digidata 1440A interface (Molecular Devices; Bestogen Biotech, New Taipei City, Taiwan), which was used for efficient analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion. During the recordings, the latter device was operated by pCLAMP 10.7 software (Molecular Devices) run under Windows 10 (Redmond, WA, USA), and the signals were simultaneously displayed on an LCD monitor through USB type-C connection. Current signals were low-pass filtered at 2 kHz with FL-4 four-pole Bessel filter (Dagan, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to minimize background noise. As high-frequency stimuli were necessarily applied, an Astro-med Grass S88X pulse stimulator (Grass, West Warwick, RI, USA) was employed. After the data were digitally collected, we off-line analyzed them using various analytical tools that include LabChart 7.0 program (ADInstruments; Gerin, Tainan, Taiwan), OriginPro 2016 (OriginLab; Schmidt Scientific, Kaohsiung, Taiwan) and custom-created macros run under Microsoft Excel^® 2016 (Redmond, WA, USA).

Lo Y.C., Lin C.L., Fang W.Y., Lőrinczi B., Szatmári I., Chang W.H., Fülöp F, & Wu S.N. (2021). Effective Activation by Kynurenic Acid and Its Aminoalkylated Derivatives on M-Type K+ Current. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(3), 1300.

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Patch-Clamp Recordings of GH3 and 13-06-MG Cells

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GH₃ or 13-06-MG cells were harvested and rapidly transferred to a customized chamber shortly before the electrical recordings. The chamber was positioned on the stage of an inverted microscope. Cells were kept for immersion in normal Tyrode’s solution at 20–25 °C; the composition of this solution is described above. Patch-clamp recordings were undertaken under whole-cell mode with either an RK-400 (Biologic, Echirolles, France) or an AxoClamp 2B amplifier (Molecular Devices; Kim Forest, Tainan, Taiwan) [52 (link),53 (link)]. Patch electrodes with tip resistance of 3–5 MΩ were made from Kimax-51 capillaries (#34500 (1.5–1.8 mm in outer diameter); Dogger, Tainan, Taiwan), using either a PP-830 vertical puller (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) or a P-97 horizontal puller (Sutter, Novato, CA), and their tips were then fire-polished with MF-83 microforge (Narishige). The signals, which comprised voltages and current tracings, were stored online at 10 kHz in a touchscreen computer (ASUSPRO-BU401LG, ASUS, Tainan, Taiwan) equipped with Digidata 1440A interface (Molecular Devices), controlled by pCLAMP 10.7 software (Molecular Devices). The potentials were revised for the liquid–liquid junction potential that appeared when the composition of the pipette solution was different from the solution of the bath.

Hsiao H.T., Lu G.L., Liu Y.C, & Wu S.N. (2021). Effective Perturbations of the Amplitude, Gating, and Hysteresis of IK(DR) Caused by PT-2385, an HIF-2α Inhibitor. Membranes, 11(8), 636.

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Electrophysiological Characterization of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

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Recordings were made using a Multiclamp-700B amplifier and the analog signals were low-pass filtered at 2 kHz, and digitized at 5 kHz using a Digidata-1440A interface and pClamp10 software (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). The detection of events was performed offline using Mini analysis program (Synaptosoft Inc., Decatur, GA; for details, see [54 (link)]). The times of occurrence of events were imported into Origin 7.0 (Microcal Software Inc., Northampton, MA) for further analysis using algorithms written in LabTalk. Data, expressed as mean±SEM, were analyzed for significant differences using paired t test (Origin 7.0 software) unless otherwise stated.
We first sought to characterize the pattern of discharge of spontaneously active PCs. For this purpose, we used loose-patch extracellular recordings because in this noninvasive configuration, the spontaneous firing activity is stable and can be monitored for prolonged periods of time without rundown as in the whole-cell configuration [55 (link), 56 (link)]. We then examined, using whole-cell path clamping, the intrinsic and synaptic currents that modulate their firing activity. For firing pattern analysis, extracellular recordings were collected from five control animals and two ethanol-treated animals. For Ih and IPSC analysis, path-clamp recordings were collected from three control animals and four ethanol-treated animals.

Light K.E., Hayar A.M, & Pierce D.R. (2015). Electrophysiological and Immunohistochemical Evidence for an Increase in GABAergic Inputs and HCN Channels in Purkinje Cells that Survive Developmental Ethanol Exposure. Cerebellum (London, England), 14(4), 398-412.

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Voltage-clamp Recordings of Ion Currents

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Data comprising both potential and current traces were stored online in an Acer SPIN-5 touchscreen laptop computer (SP513-52N-55WE; Taipe, Taiwan) at 10 kHz equipped with a Digidata 1440A interface (Molecular Devices, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA), which was used for analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog conversion. During the recordings, the latter device was controlled by pCLAMP 10.7 software (Molecular Devices) run under Windows 10 (Redmond, WA, USA) and the signals were simultaneously monitored on an LCD monitor (MB169B+; ASUS, Taipei, Taiwan) through a USB type-C connection. Current signals were low-pass filtered at 2 kHz with a FL-4 four-pole Bessel filter (Dagan, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to minimize background noise. Through digital-to-analog conversion, various pCLAMP-generated voltage-clamp profiles with different waveforms were applied to establish the current-voltage (I-V) relationship of I_K(M) or I_K(DR). As high-frequency stimuli were needed, an Astro-med Grass S88X dual output pulse stimulator (Grass Technologies, West Warwick, RI, USA) was used.

Lai M.C., Tzeng R.C., Huang C.W, & Wu S.N. (2019). The Novel Direct Modulatory Effects of Perampanel, an Antagonist of AMPA Receptors, on Voltage-Gated Sodium and M-type Potassium Currents. Biomolecules, 9(10), 638.

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