All the electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry were carried out using a portable µSTAT 400 Bipotentiostat/Galvanostat, and the current was analyzed by Dropview Software by Dropsens. All measurements were done using disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) from Dropsens. The SPCE is made up of ceramic (L33 × W10 × H0.5 mm) with silver electric contacts. It consists of three types of electrodes: working (carbon, 4 mm Ø), counter (carbon) and reference (silver).
Stat 400
Manufactured by Metrohm
Sourced in Spain, Switzerland
The μStat 400 is a compact and lightweight potentiostat/galvanostat from Metrohm. It is designed for electrochemical measurements and analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using stat 400
1
Electrochemical Characterization of SPCEs
2
Photoelectrochemical Analysis with Low-Cost LED Setup
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The modified screen-printed electrodes were tested in a homemade apparatus designed for photo-electrochemical studies under both dark and UV-Vis light (400 nm) provided by cost-effective and low powered commercial LEDs (120 mW). All the electrochemical experiments were performed inside a 5 mL cell at room temperature and in the presence of air above the analyte solution. Potential and current were recorded by means of a Dropsens µStat 400 potentiostat using the same screen-printed counter and reference electrodes of the commercial device. Cyclic voltammetries (CV) were performed at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1 in the potential range between 0 and 1 V.
3
Electrochemical Characterization of Samples
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Cyclic voltammograms (CV) and square wave voltammograms (SWV) were obtained using a DropSens µStat 400 potentiostat. The working electrode was a screen-printed 4-mm diameter carbon electrode (DRP-110) provided by DropSens (Oviedo-Spain). It had a built-in Ag reference electrode and an auxiliary carbon electrode. A magnetic stirring stick was used to homogenize the solution during the accumulation time. The pH measurements were made using a Lovibond SD 50 pH meter.
4
Optimizing Electrochemical Measurements Setup
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For the electrochemical approach, measurements were performed using the µSTAT 400 potentiostat (Metrohm DropSens, Oviedo, Spain) [45 ]. This was a portable BiPotentiostat/Galvanostat with maximum measurable current and potential of ±40 mA and ±4 V, respectively. It can be used for voltammetric, amperometric, or potentiometric measurements. It has connectors that allow for connection to screen printed or coaxial electrodes and can be used with a one- or two-working electrode configuration. It connects to a PC via USB or Bluetooth.
All measurements were carried out at room temperature. The electrochemical measurements were controlled using Dropview software. Prior to the experiments, two optimizations were performed: (1) identify the optimum step potential (Estep) and scan rate (Srate); and (2) determine the best electrode option between the chip and coaxial cable.
All measurements were carried out at room temperature. The electrochemical measurements were controlled using Dropview software. Prior to the experiments, two optimizations were performed: (1) identify the optimum step potential (Estep) and scan rate (Srate); and (2) determine the best electrode option between the chip and coaxial cable.
5
Electrochemical Cd(II) Sensing with Hybrid PVC Electrodes
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PVC-supported ISE gold working electrode and gold counter electrode of SPGE arranged with Ag/AgCl (3M KCl). Electrochemical cells are as follows:
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2(aq)|single plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 1)
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2(aq)|hybrid plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 2)
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2 in supporting electrolytes|hybrid plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 3)
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2 in supporting electrolytes|TBACl/hybrid plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 4)
Three-electrode setup was employed with a potentiostat (µstat 400, Metrohm, Zofingen, Switzerland), and cyclic voltammogram was observed with the potential scanning within the from 1.0 to −1.0 V at a scan rate of 0.05 V/s. The current response from the sensor was recorded and visualized using DropView 8400 software (Metrohm, Zofingen, Switzerland). The peak currents (µA) could be observed on the cyclic voltammogram used for standard curve analysis.
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2(aq)|single plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 1)
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2(aq)|hybrid plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 2)
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2 in supporting electrolytes|hybrid plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 3)
Ag(s)|AgCl(s)|KCl (3M)||x mM Cd(NO3)2 in supporting electrolytes|TBACl/hybrid plasticized PVC|Au(s) (cell 4)
Three-electrode setup was employed with a potentiostat (µstat 400, Metrohm, Zofingen, Switzerland), and cyclic voltammogram was observed with the potential scanning within the from 1.0 to −1.0 V at a scan rate of 0.05 V/s. The current response from the sensor was recorded and visualized using DropView 8400 software (Metrohm, Zofingen, Switzerland). The peak currents (µA) could be observed on the cyclic voltammogram used for standard curve analysis.
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