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8 protocols using chloramines t

1

Silymarin-based Hepatoprotective Assay

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Silymarin, TAA, hydroxyproline, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane, chloramines-T, 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), glutathione (GSH), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (β-NADPH) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); perchloric acid was obtained from GFS Chemical Co. (Columbus, OH). All other reagents used in this study were of highest grade available commercially.
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2

Radiolabeling and Purification of Zearalenone

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Zearalenone (ZEN), chloramines-T (Ch-T), ethanol and methanol were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Aluminum sheets thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates (20 × 25 cm) SG-60 F254 from Merck. All the chemical substances used in this study were of analytical or clinical grade & were directly used no more purification except else was stated. No-carrier-added (NCA) [125I] as NaI (185 MBq/50 μL) diluted in 0.04 M NaOH, pH 9–11 was supplied by the institute of isotopes, Hungary, >99 %. For radioactive measurement A well-type NaI scintillation γ-Counter model Scalar Ratemeter SR7 (Nuclear Enterprises Ltd., USA) was used. The mixture was completely purified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC column, provided with a Shimadzu model detector SpD-6A (SHIMADZU Cooperation, MD, USA) that contains LC-9A pumps, column Lichrosorb (RP-C18−250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)., rheodyne injector and UV spectrophotometer detector at 320 nm wavelength. At the optimal conditions an injection of 10 μ from the [125I] ZEN solution was injected in the HPLC. As recommended methanol: water (9:1,v/v/), was The mobile phase moving at 1.0 mL/min rate. Fractions were collected separately from a 1.0 mL volume up to 15 mL volume and counted with a γ-ray scintillation counter [17 ,18 (link)].
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3

Liver Hydroxyproline Quantification

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Liver samples were homogenized in 6 N HCl, hydrolyzed at 100 °C for 18 h, and centrifuged at 9391xg for 5 min. The supernatant was dried in speed-vacuum, dissolved in H2O, and neutralized with 10 N NaOH. Samples were incubated in a chloramine-T solution [60 mM chloramines-T (Sigma, 857319), 20 mM citrate, 50 mM acetate, pH 6.5] for 25 min at room temperatures, and then in Ehrlich’s solution (Sigma, 038910) at 65 °C for additional 20 min. Hydroxyproline content was measured using a Beckman Coulter AD 340 Plate Reader (570 nm) and normalized to liver weight.
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4

Quantifying Hepatic Collagen Content

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Liver paraffin sections were stained with 0.1% Sirius-red (Sigma, 365548) and 0.1% Fast green (Sigma, F7252) (in saturated picric acid). Liver samples were homogenized in 6 N HCl, hydrolyzed at 100°C for 18 h, and centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 min. Supernatant was dried in speed-vacuum, dissolved in H2O, and neutralized with 10 N NaOH. Samples were incubated in a chloramine-T solution (60 mM chloramines-T (Sigma, 857319), 20 mM citrate, 50 mM acetate, pH 6.5) for 25 min at room temperatures, and then in Ehrlich’s solution (Sigma, 038910) at 65°C for additional 20 min. Hydroxyproline content was measured using a Beckman Coulter AD 340 Plate Reader (570 nm) and normalized to liver weight.
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5

Antioxidant and Metabolite Assays

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TAA and other reagents, including silymarin, hydroxyproline, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane(TEP), chloramines-T, 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), reduced glutathione, glutathione (GSH) reductase, GSH peroxidase (GSH-px), and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (β-NADPH), were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); perchloric acid was obtained from GFS Chemical Co. (Columbus, OH). All other reagents used in this study were of highest grade available commercially.
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6

Hepatic Hydroxyproline Quantification

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Liver samples were homogenized in 6 N HCl, hydrolyzed at 100 °C for 18 h and centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 5 min. Supernatant was dried in speed-vacuum, dissolved in H2O, and neutralized with 10 N NaOH. Samples were incubated in a chloramine-T solution (60 mM chloramines-T (Sigma, 857319), 20 mM citrate, 50 mM acetate, pH 6.5) for 25 min at room temperature, and then in Ehrlich’s solution (Sigma, 038910) at 65 °C for additional 20 min. Hydroxyproline content was measured using a Beckman Coulter AD 340 Plate Reader (570 nm) and normalized to liver weight.
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7

Silymarin Hepatoprotective Mechanism Investigation

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Silymarin, hydroxyproline, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,1,1, 3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), chloramines-T, 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), glutathione (GSH), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (β-NADPH), TAA and other reagents were purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were acquired from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Perchloric acid was obtained from GFS Chemical Co. (Columbus, OH, USA). A GOT-GPT assay kit was purchased from Asan Pharmaceutical (Hwaseong-si, Korea). Annexin V-FITC and PI Apoptosis Detection Kit I were acquired from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). All other reagents used in this study were of the highest grade available commercially.
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8

Oxidative Stress Measurement Protocols

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The following reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (scopoletin), curcumin, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), chloramines-T, 5,5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADP), and β-NADPH. Perchloric acid was obtained from GFS Chemical Co. (Columbus, OH, USA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) from Lancaster Co. (Lancashire, England, UK), and hydrogen peroxide from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
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