Droplets were held in a linear quadrupole EDB (35 (link)) (functionally equivalent to the DBQ-EDB) and exposed to a sinusoidal oscillation in RH with a controlled frequency (34 (link)). The response of the droplet was monitored from whispering gallery modes excited by light-emitting diode illumination and measured using an Ocean Optics HR4000+ spectrometer (35 (link)). The amplitude of the droplet response was determined at each frequency, and the relative response of the droplet was found by comparison to the maximum amplitude. The half-time response of the droplet was determined at each RH using a sigmoid fit to the response as a function of time period (1 / frequency).
Hr4000 spectrometer
Manufactured by OceanOptics
Sourced in Germany
The HR4000 spectrometer is a compact and high-resolution optical instrument designed for laboratory applications. It features a hermetically sealed design and a robust optical bench to provide reliable and accurate spectral measurements. The HR4000 utilizes a high-performance CCD detector and advanced electronics to deliver spectral data with high resolution and low noise.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Uv5nano spectrometer, by Mettler Toledo (2 mentions)
Flame spectrometer, by OceanOptics (1 mentions)
Su 70 scanning electron microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Helios g4 cx microscope, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Triax 180, by Horiba (1 mentions)
10 mm pathlength quartz cuvette, by Starna Cells (1 mentions)
Plano convex lens, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
N bk7 plano convex lens, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
X pert pro mpd diffractometer, by Philips (1 mentions)
Dsc 60, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Dtg 60, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Spectra suit software, by OceanOptics (1 mentions)
15 protocols using hr4000 spectrometer
1
Droplet Response to Humidity Oscillation
2
405 nm LED Light Source Characterization
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The light source used was a 405 nm light emitting diode (LED) array (ENFIS PhotonStar Innovate UNO 24; PhotonStar Technologies, UK) powered by a 40 V Phillips Xitanium LED Driver (Phillips, Netherlands). The array had a peak wavelength around 405 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 19 nm (Fig. 1 ) but will, for convenience, be referred throughout this text as 405 nm light. The array was attached to a heatsink and cooling fan, to minimise heat transfer to test samples, so that no significant heating of the sample occurred. The light source was held on a PVC stand at a distance of 4 cm from the microbial samples, giving an irradiance of 155.8 mW cm−2 at the sample surface [measured using a radiant power meter and photodiode detector (LOT Oriel, USA)].![]()
Optical emission spectrum of the 405 nm LED array, measured using an HR4000 spectrometer (Ocean Optics, Germany) and Spectra Suite software version 2.0.151
3
Mie Resonance Spectroscopy for Levitated Particle Characterization
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Mie resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to characterize the size and refractive index (RI) of levitated particles in the manner described in our previous work.41 (link) Briefly, a red LED was used to illuminate the levitated particle and an ocean insight HR4000 spectrometer was used to sample the backscattered light. Spectra were collected every 1 s and the morphology dependent resonances (MDR's), identified as sharp peaks in the spectra, were used to determine the size and RI of the levitated particle using the MRFIT algorithm developed by Preston and Reid.35 (link) Experimental spectra were subsequently compared to simulated spectra to confirm proper sizing by comparing the spectra shape and width between experiment and theory. A green laser (532 nm) was used to illuminate the droplet to verify one was in the trap and to balance it if the droplet could not be balanced by the PID feedback look from red LED illumination alone. The green laser did not serve a spectroscopic purpose in this study. MRS also provides a means of identifying the onset of LLPS in levitated particles, as detailed in the ESI† and in previous work.13 (link)
4
Comprehensive Characterization of Nanorod Devices
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The SEM analysis was undertaken with
a Hitachi SU-70 scanning electron microscope. The transmission electron
microscopy images of the as-synthesized NRs and device cross-section
were characterized using a JEOL JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope
(TEM) with 200 keV electron beam energy; the device cross sections
were characterized by an FEI Helios G4 CX microscope operated at 5–10
kV. The absorption spectra of the nanocrystals were measured using
a Cary Series UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. The room
temperature PL spectrum of the NRs in toluene was collected by an
Ocean Optics 2000+ spectrometer under an excitation wavelength of
405 nm. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of the NR film
was measured by using an integrating sphere coupled with an Ocean
Optics Flame spectrometer.
The current–voltage–luminance
characteristics were measured using a Keithley 2602B source, Thorlabs
4P3 integrating sphere, and an HMO3004 oscilloscope coupled to a calibrated
PDA200C photodiode amplifier from Thorlabs. The EQE was calculated
as the ratio of the photon flux and driving current of the device.
The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the devices were obtained
by using an Ocean Optics HR4000+ spectrometer. Time-resolved PL (TRPL)
measurements were carried out with a PicoQuant MicroTime 200 STED
system, utilizing a 405 nm excitation light source.
a Hitachi SU-70 scanning electron microscope. The transmission electron
microscopy images of the as-synthesized NRs and device cross-section
were characterized using a JEOL JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope
(TEM) with 200 keV electron beam energy; the device cross sections
were characterized by an FEI Helios G4 CX microscope operated at 5–10
kV. The absorption spectra of the nanocrystals were measured using
a Cary Series UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. The room
temperature PL spectrum of the NRs in toluene was collected by an
Ocean Optics 2000+ spectrometer under an excitation wavelength of
405 nm. The absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of the NR film
was measured by using an integrating sphere coupled with an Ocean
Optics Flame spectrometer.
The current–voltage–luminance
characteristics were measured using a Keithley 2602B source, Thorlabs
4P3 integrating sphere, and an HMO3004 oscilloscope coupled to a calibrated
PDA200C photodiode amplifier from Thorlabs. The EQE was calculated
as the ratio of the photon flux and driving current of the device.
The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the devices were obtained
by using an Ocean Optics HR4000+ spectrometer. Time-resolved PL (TRPL)
measurements were carried out with a PicoQuant MicroTime 200 STED
system, utilizing a 405 nm excitation light source.
5
Photoluminescence and Up-conversion Analysis
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Photoluminescence (PL) spectra for the UV NCs have been obtained by excitation from a 450-W Xenon lamp coupled to monochromator (Triax 180, Horiba JY) and detected with HR4000 spectrometer (Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA). For the up-conversion measurement, a 980-nm 1-W laser (Shanghai Dream Lasers Technology SDL-980-LM-1000 T) was used. Signal was detected with HR4000 spectrometer.
6
Upconverting Nanoparticle pH Cycling
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A CW
980 nm diode laser (Opto Engine) is fiber-coupled and focused onto
a 10 mm path length quartz cuvette (Starna Cells, Inc.) through a
collimator with an N-BK7 Plano convex lens (f = 20.0
mm) and an additional Plano convex lens (f = 35.0
mm) from Thorlabs. The incident irradiance is estimated to be 100
W/cm2 with a power of 800 mW and beam diameter of 1 mm.
Emission is collected after a 750 nm SP filter by an OceanOptics HR4000
spectrometer.
For pH cycling, 0.48 M HCl and 0.48 M NaOH solutions
in DI water are prepared. pH is measured for a test sample containing
S-Medium buffer to calibrate the volume of acid or base necessary
to tune pH across the relevant range (pH 3 to pH 6) for five cycles.
On the basis of the calibration, HCl and NaOH are added dropwise to
the cuvette containing 1 mL of UCNPs in S-Medium (10 mg/mL). Spectra
is collected after shaking the cuvette using the setup mentioned above.
For intensity corrections, x is added to the raw
normalized intensity values. . This calculation assumes that intensity
and concentration are linearly related.
980 nm diode laser (Opto Engine) is fiber-coupled and focused onto
a 10 mm path length quartz cuvette (Starna Cells, Inc.) through a
collimator with an N-BK7 Plano convex lens (f = 20.0
mm) and an additional Plano convex lens (f = 35.0
mm) from Thorlabs. The incident irradiance is estimated to be 100
W/cm2 with a power of 800 mW and beam diameter of 1 mm.
Emission is collected after a 750 nm SP filter by an OceanOptics HR4000
spectrometer.
For pH cycling, 0.48 M HCl and 0.48 M NaOH solutions
in DI water are prepared. pH is measured for a test sample containing
S-Medium buffer to calibrate the volume of acid or base necessary
to tune pH across the relevant range (pH 3 to pH 6) for five cycles.
On the basis of the calibration, HCl and NaOH are added dropwise to
the cuvette containing 1 mL of UCNPs in S-Medium (10 mg/mL). Spectra
is collected after shaking the cuvette using the setup mentioned above.
For intensity corrections, x is added to the raw
normalized intensity values. . This calculation assumes that intensity
and concentration are linearly related.
7
Optical Analysis of Au-TiO2 Thin Films
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The optical analysis of the Au-TiO2 thin films, namely the measurement of the LSPR band in transmittance mode, was performed in a custom-made optical system, with a light source (tungsten lamp), a custom sample holder, and an Ocean Optics HR4000 spectrometer, connected by optical fibers [51 (link)].
8
Frequency Spectra Measurement Protocol
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The frequency spectra were recorded by means of an Ocean Optics HR4000 spectrometer connected to a 400-μm multimode fibre placed at 87 cm from the crystals (Supplementary Fig. 3 , Supplementary Methods ).
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenothiazine Derivatives
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Melting points were measured in glass plates
on a Yanagimoto melting point apparatus. UV/vis/near-IR absorption
spectra in solution state and KBr pellets were obtained on a JASCO
V-650 spectrophotometer and a Shimadzu UV/vis/near-IR scanning spectrometer
UV-3100 PC, respectively. UV/vis/near-IR spectra of neat samples were
recorded using an Ocean Optics HR4000 spectrometer. Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) was performed with a SHIMADZU DSC-60. TGA and differential
thermal analysis were measured using a SHIMADZU DTG-60. ESR spectra
were recorded with a JEOL JES-FE1XG. The magnetic susceptibility measurements
were performed using a Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer, MPMS-XL.
Single-crystal X-ray data were collected by a Rigaku XtaLAB P200 diffractometer
with graphite monochromated Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71075
Å). Powder XRD was performed on a Philips X’Pert Pro MPD
diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å).
Silver bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, dehydrated dichloromethane,
and cyclohexane were commercially available and used without further
purification. N-n-Pentyl-10H-phenothiazine (1 ) and N-n-octyl-10H-phenothiazine (N-octyl analogue) were prepared according to the literature.19 (link) Compounds 1 •+ ·BF 4 – , 1 •+ ·PF 6 – , and 1 •+ ·SbF 6 – were prepared
using corresponding silver salts by the similar method of1 •+ ·NTf 2–.
on a Yanagimoto melting point apparatus. UV/vis/near-IR absorption
spectra in solution state and KBr pellets were obtained on a JASCO
V-650 spectrophotometer and a Shimadzu UV/vis/near-IR scanning spectrometer
UV-3100 PC, respectively. UV/vis/near-IR spectra of neat samples were
recorded using an Ocean Optics HR4000 spectrometer. Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) was performed with a SHIMADZU DSC-60. TGA and differential
thermal analysis were measured using a SHIMADZU DTG-60. ESR spectra
were recorded with a JEOL JES-FE1XG. The magnetic susceptibility measurements
were performed using a Quantum Design SQUID magnetometer, MPMS-XL.
Single-crystal X-ray data were collected by a Rigaku XtaLAB P200 diffractometer
with graphite monochromated Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71075
Å). Powder XRD was performed on a Philips X’Pert Pro MPD
diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å).
Silver bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, dehydrated dichloromethane,
and cyclohexane were commercially available and used without further
purification. N-n-Pentyl-10H-phenothiazine (
using corresponding silver salts by the similar method of
10
Optical Characterization of Liquid Crystals
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The phase separation of the suspensions was examined by observing the rectangular capillaries between crossed polarizers. The volume fraction of each phase in the total suspension was determined by measuring the height of each phase and that of the total suspension in the capillary tube. Polarized optical images were recorded using an Olympus BX53/BX53M-P polarizing optical microscope (POM), and a Nikon microscope SMZ745/SMZ745T was employed to investigate the optical properties of the films, primarily in reflection mode. The structural order of the sample was probed through its optical properties using several different microscope settings, including direct observation with and without a pair of crossed polarizers and light diffraction methods. The cholesteric pitch was estimated from the POM images of the fingerprint textures by counting 10 randomly chosen patterns in 10 or more POM images from different regions to obtain the average pitches and standard deviations. To characterize some points in the POM images, transmission and reflection spectra were recorded using an Ocean Optics HR4000 spectrometer.
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