Antibody for mmp 1

CAPE was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Retinol was purchased from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Antibodies for phospho-p38, phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, acetyl lysine, H3K9ac, and Histone H3 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody for p38, JNK, c-Jun, and vinculin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Antibody for MMP-1 was obtained from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Crude propolis was purchased from a local market in Chungju, Korea. Antibodies to detect phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), phosphorylated c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (Thr183/Tyr185), phosphorylated p38 (Thr180/Tyr182), phosphorylated PDK1 (Ser241), phosphorylated Akt (Thr308), and total Akt were purchased from Cell Signaling Biotechnology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against total ERK, total JNK, total p38, and vinculin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Antibody for MMP-1 was obtained from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The reference standards of apigenin, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ferulic acid, gallic acid, naringenin, and quercetin for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).