The morphology and size of the synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM Philips Model CM20, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDAX). The size of the particles was analyzed by using ImageJ 1.47 software. The ζ potential, hydrodynamic radius and hysteresis cycles were measured as already described by García-Rubia et al. [20 (link)] using Malvern Zetasizer software (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) 5 T magnetometer (Quantum Design MPMS XL, San Diego, CA, USA), respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed with an Xpert Pro X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands) by using the Cu Kα radiation, 20°–60° in 2θ (0.01°; 3 s). Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis was carried out using a FTIR spectrometer (model 6600, Jasco, Tokio, Japan) equipped with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) diamond crystal window (ATR ProOne). The surface of the sample was pressed against the ATR window and infrared spectra were acquired. A total of 100 scans were collected in the wavenumber range from 4000 to 400 cm−1, at 2 cm−1 of resolution.
Model cm20
Manufactured by Philips
The Philips Model CM20 is a laboratory equipment designed for centrifugation. It is a compact and robust centrifuge capable of handling a variety of sample sizes and types. The core function of the Model CM20 is to separate different components of a liquid mixture by applying centrifugal force.
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2 protocols using model cm20
1
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthesized Nanoparticles
2
Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles by TEM
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The morphologies and sizes of the crystals collected above were studied by TEM using a Philips Model CM20 electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDAX). The synthesized magnetic powders were dehydrated with ethanol and embedded in Embed 812 resin. Ultrathin (50-70 nm) sections were prepared using a Reichert Ultracut S microtome (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). The sections were placed onto copper grids and carbon-coated using an Emitech Model K975X thermal evaporator (Fall River, Massachusetts, USA). Imaging and size-distribution analyses were performed on more than 600 nanoparticles in each experiment. Crystal sizes were measured manually using ImageJ v.1.47, while size-distribution curves were determined from these measurements using OriginPro v.9. Statistical calculations were performed using Statistica v.12 and Microsoft Excel.
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