Algometer

To assess the subjective parameter, i.e., the threshold of first discomfort, a Wagner Instruments Algometer was used. In the study, the place of measurement was the point located on the upper trapezius in the middle of the section between the C7 spinous process and the shoulder angle of the acromion. The subjects were lying down on their back. Pressure, detected through the Algometer sensor, was applied from above and perpendicular to the examined muscle. Three measurements were taken alternately for both sides of the upper trapezius. Mean values were calculated from these measurements, which were the results for the right and left sides of the examined muscle. The Algometer test is a reliable and reproducible method of assessing the threshold of discomfort and pain of varying intensity [33 (link)].
All measurements were made at three time-intervals: before therapy (pre); after therapy (post); and on the second day after therapy (follow-up).

Abdominal examination has been one of the characteristic methods for diagnosis, choosing a therapy, and predicting prognosis in Traditional Korean Medicine [37 ]. We will utilise an algometer to standardise and quantitatively describe the abdominal examination [38 (link)]. Using an algometer (Wagner Instruments, Greenwich, CT), one operator will apply pressure to 3 acupoints (CV17, CV12, and ST25) vertically against the surface. Pressure will be applied at a rate of 1 kg/cm²/sec and participants will be instructed to report the beginning of pain by saying “stop” immediately after the perception of pain is transferred from pressure. The examiner will immediately stop pressing and record the pressure pain threshold (PPT) value. The maximum PPT will be limited to 8 kg/cm² in order to prevent distorted measures. At each assessment, PPT will be measured three times with the intervals of 1 minute [38 (link), 39 (link)].