Yvon fluoromax 4c l

A UV-vis spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-3900, Japan) was used to obtain UV-vis absorption spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were recorded on a Horiba Jobin Yvon Fluoromax 4C-L (France) spectrophotometer. Nanosecond fluorescence lifetime experiments were performed using a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) system, and the results were recorded using a Horiba Jobin Yvon Fluoromax 4C-L (France) spectrophotometer. A 370 and 458 nm picosecond diode laser was used to excite the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were studied using a Tecnai GI F20 U-TWIN with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectra were recorded using an AXIS ULTRA DLD (Shimadzu, Japan) spectrometer with Mg Kα excitation (1253.6 eV). Binding energy calibration was based on C 1s at 284.6 eV. A Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrophotometer was used to collect Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra ranging from 4000 to 400 cm⁻¹. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of full-color/white LEDs were recorded by combining a Spectra scan PR-650 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere and a computer-controlled direct current power under ambient conditions at room temperature. The absolute quantum yield was measured on a QE-2100 (Japanese amnesty) with an integrating sphere.