Concentrated nitric acid

BiPO₄ nanorods were prepared via the reflux method.²¹ In short, 1.956 g of Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O (AR, Macklin) and 3.145 g of NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O (AR, Macklin) were added into a flask, followed by mixing with at least 750 mL of deionized water. After the pH was adjusted to 2.2 with concentrated nitric acid (Sinopharm Chemical reagent Co., Ltd.), the flask was placed in an oil bath (120 °C) and mixing was conducted at 800 rpm, followed by heating for 48 hours. The resultant white precipitate was washed three times with deionized water and dried at 120 °C for 12 hours.

Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), ytterbium oxide (Yb₂O₃), erbium oxide (Er₂O₃), aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO₃)₃·9(H₂O)), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co. in Shanghai, China. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), triethanolamine (TEA), sodium hydroxide, sodium fluoride, anhydrous ethanol, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Nanoscale calcium carbonate was provided by Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co. All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. The commercial fluorescent powder used for the comparison experiments was purchased from Beijing Fingal Huaan Technology Co. The 525 nm green light source was emitted by a homemade lamp with 5 W power. A 980 nm laser light source was a homemade laser emission, with a power of 5 W, through the homogeniser to expand the light spot. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained using a Cary Eclipse FL1011M003 (Varian) fluorescence spectrometer. The morphology of YAG-MSNs-RhD-6 was characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2010F). X-ray diffraction (XRD, Cu Kα = 1.5418 Å radiation) was performed using a PANalytical X-Pert instrument.

Iron acetylacetonate (≥98%) was purchased from Shanghai Yien Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Oleic acid (≥85%) and anhydrous ethanol (≥99%) were purchased from Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Oleylamine (70%) and dibenzyl ether (≥95%) were purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Co., Ltd. Concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) and concentrated nitric acid (70%) were purchased from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were purchased from Shenzhen Hongda Chang Evolution Technology Co., Ltd., and n-hexane (99%) was purchased from Tianjin Kaitong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The purity of the abovementioned reagents was of analytical grade. Fluorinated polyether was prepared through previous experiments in the laboratory.^{25 (link)} The dehydrated crude oil was supplied by an oil field of China National Petroleum Corporation (the density at 25 °C was 0.96 g mL⁻¹, the viscosity at 50 °C was 743.8 mPa s, and the total water content was 0.5%).