APAP was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 25-Hydroxycholesterol was commercially sourced from Steraloids Inc. (Newport, RI, USA). 25HC3S was synthesized and purified in our laboratory as previously described [22 (link)]. The reagents for real-time RT-PCR were obtained from Applied Biosystems (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The RT2 Profiler PCR Array-Cell Death Pathway Finder was acquired from QIAGEN (Valencia, CA, USA). MitoProbe JC-1 Assay Kit for Flow Cytometry and H2DCFDA were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Propylene glycol (PG), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBC), paraformaldehyde, phosphate buffer, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell culture media were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). All other reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise indicated.
Malondialdehyde mda
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, India, Germany, United Kingdom
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a chemical compound that is commonly used as a biomarker to measure oxidative stress in biological systems. It is a three-carbon dialdehyde produced as a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, a process in which free radicals damage cell membranes. MDA can be quantified using various analytical techniques, such as colorimetric or fluorometric assays, to provide an indirect measure of the extent of oxidative damage in cells or tissues.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Streptozotocin (stz), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Superoxide dismutase sod, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid tba, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mayer s hematoxylin, by Bio-Optica (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfanilamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Aβ25 35, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 thiobarbituric acid tba, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Multiskan go, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
25 hydroxycholesterol, by Steraloids (1 mentions)
Mitoprobe jc 1 assay kit for flow cytometry, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
H2dcfda, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Propylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
36 protocols using malondialdehyde mda
1
Apoptosis Pathway Analysis Protocol
2
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model
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Streptozotocin (STZ), nicotinamide (NTM), epinephrine hydrochloride, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., USA. Petroleum ether (60 : 80), diethyl ether (Merck, India), tween 80 (Research-Lab, India), reduced glutathione (GS H), 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) (Hi media, India), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), thiopentone sodium injection (Thiosol Sodium) (Neon Laboratories Ltd., India), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CKMB) (Randox Laboratory, UK), LDH (Ecoline, Merck, India), and GOD/POD kit (Accurex, India) were purchased from respective vendors. All chemicals used were of analytical grade.
3
Evaluation of Plumbagin's Antioxidant Potential
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Plumbagin was obtained from the LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, Minnesota, USA). Bradford solution was a product of Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). Eosin Y 1% aqueous solution and Mayer’s hematoxylin were from Bio Optica (Milan, Italy). Xylene and Permount® were bought from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), bovine serum albumin, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH), xanthine oxidase, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), SOD, CAT, GSH reductase, malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Ammonium molybdate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were purchased from Ajax Finechem (Melbourne, Australia). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was a product of Loba Chemie (Mumbai, India). All other laboratory chemicals were of the highest purity from commercial suppliers.
4
Rat ACE ELISA and Antioxidant Assays
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Rat angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ELISA kit was purchased
from Cusabio, Houston. Lisinopril was obtained from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals,
Cairo, Egypt. N(γ)-nitro-l -arginine methyl ester (l -NAME), vanadium trichloride, absolute ethanol, malondialdehyde
(MDA), Ellman’s reagent, sodium nitrite, sulfanilamide, thiobarbituric
acid, trichloroacetic acid, and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine
dihydrochloride (NEDD) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis,
Missouri. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen
phosphate were purchased from Sisco, India. Tween 80, umbelliferone,
and LC-MS-grade analysis solvent were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich,
Germany. All other chemicals used were of highest analytical grade.
from Cusabio, Houston. Lisinopril was obtained from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals,
Cairo, Egypt. N(γ)-nitro-
(MDA), Ellman’s reagent, sodium nitrite, sulfanilamide, thiobarbituric
acid, trichloroacetic acid, and N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine
dihydrochloride (NEDD) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis,
Missouri. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen
phosphate were purchased from Sisco, India. Tween 80, umbelliferone,
and LC-MS-grade analysis solvent were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich,
Germany. All other chemicals used were of highest analytical grade.
5
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Assay
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Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, sodium bicinchoninate, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene, 5-5-dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), sodium dithionate, L-γ-glutamyl-4-nitroanilide, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Sigma-aldrich, Bangalore, India. Xylenol orange, ammonium ferrous sulfate, cyclohexane, 2, 6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), potassium ferricyanide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), glycylglycine, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), ascorbic acid, guaiacol, Triton-X, nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), hydro-xylamine hydrochloride, and pyruvate were purchased from Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. DMBA (7, 12- dimethylbenz(α)anthracene) was obtained from Sigma-aldrich, Bangalore, India. Autopack kit for analyzing bilirubin was purchased from Beacon Diagnostics, Gujarat, India, while alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase autopack kits were purchased from Delta Labs, Sindhudurg, India. Rest of the chemicals used in the present study were of analytical grade.
6
Evaluating Lipid Peroxidation and Catalase
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The level of lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring its byproduct, TBARS, using malondialdehyde (MDA) from Sigma Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) to generate a standard curve [28 ]. The activity of the catalase was determined according to the protocol provided by Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
7
Antioxidant Properties of P. frutescens
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P. frutescens var. japonica was obtained from the Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Korea. RA and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade and obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) or Sigma-Aldrich Co.
8
Phycocyanin-Based Antidiabetic Assay
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The materials use in this study are as follows: C-phycocyanin (C-PC) partially purified from Plectonema sp. as described previously [26 (link)], nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), 2,4-DNPH, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 9,10-phenanthrenequinone from Qualigens (Mumbai City, India), methanol (HiMedia Laboratories), diethyl ether (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), formaldehyde (Merck), metformin hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company, Burlington, MA, USA), Tris-citrate buffer, one-touch AccuSure glucometer (Microgene Diagnostic Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India), methylglyoxal (MG), gluco check strips (Rapid Diagnostics Group of Companies, Delhi, India), malondialdehyde (MDA) from sigma chemical company (USA), aminoguanidine (AG), guanidine hydrochloride, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), carboxymethyllysine (CML) ELISA kit (Bioassay, Hayward, CA, USA), streptozotocin (Sigma-Aldrich). The highest analytical grade chemicals available in the country were used in this study.
9
Aβ25-35 and Malondialdehyde Assay
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Aβ25-35 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). DMSO and NaCl were purchased from Bio Basics Inc. (Ontario, Canada). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was obtained from Lancaster Synthesis (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Phosphoric acid and butanol were acquired from Samchun Pure Chemical Company (Gyeonggi, Pyeongtaek, Korea).
10
Antioxidant Effects of Xiaoke Pill
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Streptozotocin, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Sigma Chemicals (USA). The xiaoke pill was obtained from Zhongyi Medicine Limited Company, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. All the other chemicals used in this experiment were of analytical grade.
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