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31 protocols using apc conjugated annexin 5

1

Apoptosis and Necrosis Analysis

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Viability analysis was done using APC-conjugated Annexin V (Biolegend Cat. No. 640920 and propidium iodide (Miltenyi Biotec Cat. No. 130–093-233). Briefly, adhered RH30 cells following trypsinization are transferred into a U-bottomed 96-well plate for staining. Cells are stained for 20 min at room temperature with APC-conjugated Annexin V (Biolegend cat # 640,920; 1:100 dilution) and propidium iodide (Miltenyi Biotec cat# 130–093-233; 1:100 dilution) diluted in Annexin V Binding Buffer (Cat. No. 422201) followed by 2X washes in warm Annexin V Binding Buffer and analysis by flow cytometry.
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2

Apoptosis and Necrosis Analysis

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Viability analysis was done using APC-conjugated Annexin V (Biolegend Cat. No. 640920 and propidium iodide (Miltenyi Biotec Cat. No. 130–093-233). Briefly, adhered RH30 cells following trypsinization are transferred into a U-bottomed 96-well plate for staining. Cells are stained for 20 min at room temperature with APC-conjugated Annexin V (Biolegend cat # 640,920; 1:100 dilution) and propidium iodide (Miltenyi Biotec cat# 130–093-233; 1:100 dilution) diluted in Annexin V Binding Buffer (Cat. No. 422201) followed by 2X washes in warm Annexin V Binding Buffer and analysis by flow cytometry.
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Apoptosis Detection in T Cells

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PBMCs were harvested for detection of apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ cells using flow cytometry. Briefly, after blocking, cells were incubated on ice with FITC-conjugated anti-CD4 antibody (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) and PE-conjugated anti-CD8 antibody (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) for 30 min in the dark. The cells were washed and incubated with APC-conjugated annexin V (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) for 15 min in the dark and were analyzed.
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4

Detecting Apoptosis in Tumor Cells

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The apoptosis detection assays were performed using APC-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) solution (both, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, the GiNKs were incubated with control IgG, anti-KIR2DL1, or anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody for 30 min prior to use. Then, the U87MG and T98G cells were exposed to the GiNKs at E:T ratios of 1:1 in the presence or absence of 1 µg/mL control IgG, anti-KIR2DL1, or anti-KIR2DL2/3 for 24 h. Following incubation, the floating cells and detached cells were collected and washed twice by cold Cell Staining Buffer (BioLegend) and resuspended in Annexin V Binding Buffer (BioLegend) at a concentration of 106 cells/mL. Then, 5 μL APC-conjugated annexin V and 10 μL PI solution were added to the cell suspension of 100 µL Binding Buffer. The cells were gently mixed and incubated for 15 min at room temperature (25 °C) in the dark. Finally, 400 μL Binding Buffer was added and the apoptotic tumor cells were detected with a BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). The data were analyzed using FlowJo version 10 (BD Biosciences).
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5

Apoptosis Assay for Cell Viability

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Cells were incubated for 72 hours with various concentrations of each compound, and then stained with APC-conjugated Annexin V (BioLegend) and propidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich). Apoptotic cells, defined as APC-conjugated Annexin V-positive cells, were analyzed using a FACSVerse cytometer (BD Biosciences). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments and were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star).
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6

Fatty Acid Modulation of Macrophage ROS

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M-CSF was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). PA (S-1109, 5 mM), OA (S-1120, 5 mM), LA (S-1127, 5 mM), EPA (S-1144, 5 mM), and DPA (DPA n-3, S-1145, 5 mM) were purchased from Nu-Chek Prep and prepared with 2 mM of endotoxin-free BSA (Akron) in PBS, sonicated until dissolved, and filtered through 0.22 μm sterile filter as we previously described (19 (link)-22 ). For the cell culture, RPMI 1640 (Cellgro, 15–040-cv) was from Corning and Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, S11550) from Atlanta Biologicals. ROS generation was detected using the DCFDA (2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) cellular ROS detection assay kit (ab113851) from Abcam. The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, A7250) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. APC conjugated Annexin-V (640920) was purchased from Biolegend. Antibodies used for flow cytometry were obtained from Biolegend and BD Bioscience.
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7

Evaluating NTR-Mediated Cell Death

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4T1 cells in a 24-well plate were transfected with PP- or MC-TK-NTR. Cells were treated with CytoCy5S (100 ng/ml) for 3 h. Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of NTR/CytoCy5S was assessed. CytoCy5S+ gating was based on untransfected controls without CytoCy5S treatment. For the apoptosis assay, 4T1 cells treated with prodrugs were stained with APC-conjugated Annexin V (BioLegend) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All flow cytometry data was acquired on a BD FACSAria IIu SORP instrument in the South Campus Flow Cytometry Core Facility at Michigan State University and analyzed with FCS Express software (v6; De Novo Software, Glendale, CA).
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8

Apoptosis Analysis of LCMV-Specific CD8+ T Cells

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At 14 days following LCMV-Armstrong infection, splenocytes were harvested and stimulated with a pool of NP396, GP33, GP276 peptides for 5 hours (1μg/ml of each), stained with anti-CD8α Pac-Blue (53–6.7; Biolegend) and anti-Thy1.1 PE (OX-7; Biolegend) antibodies, enriched and sorted as described above. The sorted populations were then washed in complete media and incubated for 18 hours in round bottom plates either alone or in the presence of 100U/ml IL-2, 50ng/ml IL-7, or 50ng/ml IL-15 (PeproTech). After culture, cells were washed and restained with anti-CD8α and anti-Thy1.1 antibodies. The cells were then washed with PBS and stained with Live/Dead dye (Invitrogen). They were then washed with Annexin V binding buffer (10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM CaCl2). APC-conjugated Annexin V (Biolegend) was added and cells incubated 15 minutes prior to further washing in Annexin V binding buffer. Stained cells were immediately analyzed by flow cytometry.
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9

Mammosphere Assay and Apoptosis Analysis

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To evaluate apoptotic cell death, tumor cells were stained with a combination of propidium iodide and APC-conjugated Annexin V (10 μg/ml, BioLegend), and analyzed by flow cytometry at the core facility. For the tumorsphere assay, MCF-10A cells were allowed to grow in suspension (24–well ultra-low adhesion plate) in a stem cell culture medium, which consisted of mammary epithelial basal medium (MEBM) (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) supplemented with B27 mixture (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA), 20 ng/ml bFGF, 20 ng/ml EGF and 4 µg/ml Heparin, over a span of 5–7 days, and followed by imagining microscopically. The size, number and morphologies of mammosphere or colonies were quantified by analyzing the photographed representative fields using Nikon NIS-Elements Advanced Analysis Software [31] (link).
To generate stable cell lines from primary tumors in the MMTV-Wnt1 mice, fresh tumor tissues were digested in collagenase overnight. After filtering with 40 µm strainers, cell mixtures were cultured for 3–5 generations in a F12/DMEM medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, 10 ng/ml EGF, 0.25 µg/ml hydrocortisone, 100 ng/ml Cholera toxin and 10 µg/ml insulin.
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10

Cytotoxicity Assay for NK Cells

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Sorted CD56dim and CD56neg NK cells (Figure S1) were resuspended in RPMI‐1640 medium containing 10% FCS with 100 IU/mL IL‐2 (Peprotech) and added to the targets at effector/target ratios from 10:1 to 0.6:1, each in duplicate. Cells were incubated for 4 hours at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Cells were stained with APC‐conjugated Annexin V (BioLegend). Percentages of Annexin V+ EGFP‐positive K562 cells were measured. Spontaneous lysis was determined by incubating target cells without effectors. Specific lysis was calculated as [(lysis in the well containing target cells and effector cells − spontaneous lysis)/ (100 − spontaneous lysis)] × 100. NK cells were incubated for 1 hour in the presence of 1 μg/mL nivolumab prior to coculture with PD‐L1‐K562 cells. Specific lysis was calculated as described above. Samples were acquired by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur; BD Biosciences), and the data were analyzed with FlowJo software ver. 7 (Tree Star).
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